Installing Raised Filter Bed Septic Systems: Equipment Choices and Practical Tips

[MikePhua]

Installing a raised filter bed septic system involves careful excavation and precise ground work to ensure proper drainage and system effectiveness. Having the right machinery can significantly impact the efficiency and success of the installation. For those considering whether to invest in over-tire tracks (OTT) for a skid steer or to use an actual tracked machine, understanding the equipment capabilities and operational contexts is crucial.
Understanding Raised Filter Bed Septic Systems
A raised filter bed septic system is often used in areas where the natural soil conditions, such as high groundwater levels or poor soil percolation, are unsuitable for traditional septic systems. These systems elevate the drain field with a sand or gravel bed to facilitate optimal wastewater treatment and filtration. Proper grading, compaction, and soil layering are critical, requiring precision and careful handling of the fill material.
Equipment Overview: Skid Steer vs. Tracked Machines
Skid steer loaders, such as a Bobcat S150, are popular for their versatility and maneuverability on many job sites. They typically come with rubber tires which, while good for mobility on firm ground, can struggle in soft, sandy, or uneven terrain common in septic installations. Over-tire tracks (OTT) are rubber tracks that fit over the existing tires, transforming the skid steer’s performance to mimic that of a tracked vehicle by distributing weight more evenly and reducing ground pressure.
Advantages of Over-Tire Tracks (OTT)

• OTT improve traction and flotation on soft surfaces like sand without the need for a full tracked machine.
  
• They reduce soil disturbance and the risk of rutting or pipe damage, important for delicate septic pipe installations.
  
• OTT-equipped skid steers handle most conditions well except for snow and icy surfaces where full tracks have better grip.
  
• Since OTT can be installed and removed, they offer flexibility and cost savings compared to purchasing a dedicated tracked machine.
  

When to Consider Actual Tracked Machines

• If the job site has extensive soft, muddy, or uneven terrain where maximum traction and minimal soil disturbance are critical.
  
• For larger, more frequent septic system jobs or other earthmoving tasks where heavier equipment is needed.
  
• Tracked machines provide more stability, better flotation on challenging soils, and often higher power output.
  

Practical Tips for Installing Raised Filter Bed Systems

• Protect the septic piping with a suitable cover layer to avoid damage during soil transport and compaction.
  
• Use a mini excavator or a backhoe for digging precise trenches and creating the layout for the filter bed.
  
• Skid steers with OTT can efficiently spread and level sand or gravel but monitor for compaction uniformity.
  
• Avoid working in extremely wet or frozen soil conditions to prevent long-term system issues.
  
• Plan the site layout carefully, considering slopes, drainage patterns, and access routes for machinery.
  

Case Story: Enhancing Efficiency with OTT
A homeowner with a new construction site chose to install their raised filter bed septic system using a Bobcat S150 skid steer with over-tire tracks. The OTT enabled smooth operation over sandy, loose soil without excessive ground disturbance. They combined the skid steer with a 2WD backhoe for trenching, resulting in an installation completed quickly and cost-effectively. The versatility of the skid steer with OTT also allowed post-installation maintenance to be performed without additional equipment purchases.
Additional Recommendations

• Consider investing in OTT if you envision performing multiple septic installations or similar earthmoving projects to maximize your equipment's utility.
  
• Regularly inspect the tracks and tires for wear and maintain proper inflation and track tension.
  
• If budget allows and the terrain demands, complement OTT skid steers with a tracked excavator for maximum efficiency.
  

In summary, over-tire tracks present a practical and economical upgrade for skid steers tackling raised filter bed septic system installations in sandy or loose soil environments. For occasional projects or moderately soft ground, OTT provide sufficient traction and soil protection. For challenging terrain or higher volume work, actual tracked machines may be necessary.
Terminology

• Raised Filter Bed: An elevated groundwater filtration system constructed with sand or gravel to treat septic effluent.
  
• Over-Tire Tracks (OTT): Rubber track systems slipped over standard tires to improve traction and flotation.
  
• Skid Steer Loader: A small machine with lift arms for tools, valued for maneuverability and versatility.
  
• Tracked Machine: Heavy equipment that moves on continuous tracks providing superior traction and lower ground pressure.
  
• Flotation: The distribution of machine weight over a larger surface area to prevent sinking into soft ground.
  

This guidance helps homeowners and contractors make informed decisions about equipment and techniques, optimizing resources and ensuring septic system reliability.