Troubleshooting Control Problems on the 1986 Case 1845C Skid Steer: Common Issues and Solutions

[MikePhua]

The 1986 Case 1845C skid steer loader is a versatile and durable machine, commonly used in construction, agriculture, and landscaping. However, like any heavy equipment, it can experience control problems over time, leading to operational challenges. This article delves into the common issues faced by operators of the Case 1845C, with a focus on control-related malfunctions, their potential causes, and solutions to keep the machine running smoothly.
Understanding the Control System of the Case 1845C Skid Steer

1. Hydraulic Control System Overview
   The Case 1845C skid steer uses a hydraulic system to control various functions, including the lift arms, bucket, and drive motors. Hydraulic control systems are essential for the smooth operation of these machines, as they provide the force needed to move heavy loads and operate attachments.
   Key Components:
   • Hydraulic Pump: Provides the necessary fluid pressure for the entire system.
     
   • Control Valves: Direct the hydraulic fluid to the right parts of the machine, such as the lift arms and bucket.
     
   • Hydraulic Cylinders: Used to convert hydraulic pressure into mechanical force for lifting, lowering, and steering.
     
   • Hydraulic Lines: Carry fluid to and from the components.
     
2. Joystick and Control Lever Mechanism
   The Case 1845C features joystick controls that allow the operator to manage the various functions of the skid steer. These controls are connected to the hydraulic system through electrical and mechanical linkages, ensuring smooth movements for the arms, bucket, and drive.
   Joystick Functions:
   • Left Joystick: Typically controls the left drive motor and the left lift arm.
     
   • Right Joystick: Manages the right drive motor and the right lift arm.
     
   • Auxiliary Controls: For controlling attachments like grapples, augers, and other hydraulically powered tools.
     

Common Control Problems and Their Causes

1. Unresponsive or Slow Joystick Controls
   One of the most common issues with the Case 1845C is unresponsive or slow joystick movement, which can affect the loader’s performance. When the joystick feels sluggish or non-responsive, it typically indicates an issue with the hydraulic system or the electrical control system.
   Potential Causes:
   • Low Hydraulic Fluid: Insufficient hydraulic fluid can reduce the power of the system, making it difficult for the joystick controls to function correctly.
     
   • Worn Control Valves: Over time, the valves that regulate hydraulic flow can wear out, leading to a decrease in system responsiveness.
     
   • Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid: Dirt and debris in the hydraulic fluid can cause clogs in the system, leading to slow or unresponsive controls.
     
   • Electrical Problems: Faulty wiring or sensors in the joystick mechanism can also prevent proper control signal transmission.
     
2. Jerky or Erratic Movements
   Sometimes, the 1845C may exhibit jerky or erratic movements when controlling the arms or the bucket. This can happen in both the lifting and driving functions and is often frustrating for operators.
   Potential Causes:
   • Air in Hydraulic Lines: Air bubbles in the hydraulic lines can cause inconsistent pressure, leading to jerky movements. This can happen if there is a leak or if the hydraulic fluid has been recently changed or topped up.
     
   • Faulty Pressure Relief Valve: The pressure relief valve controls the amount of pressure allowed in the hydraulic system. A malfunction here can cause erratic or jerky movements, especially under load.
     
   • Damaged Hydraulic Cylinders: Worn or damaged hydraulic cylinders can also cause uneven performance in the lift and drive functions.
     
3. Inability to Steer or Loss of Power to Drive Motors
   Another common problem involves the inability to steer or a loss of power to one or both of the drive motors. This is a critical issue since it affects the loader’s mobility and safety.
   Potential Causes:
   • Clogged or Blocked Hydraulic Lines: If the hydraulic lines leading to the drive motors are blocked or restricted, it can result in a loss of power to the wheels.
     
   • Drive Motor Failure: Over time, the drive motors may wear out or get damaged, resulting in a complete loss of power to one or both sides of the machine.
     
   • Hydraulic Pump Failure: If the pump fails or loses efficiency, the drive motors may not receive enough pressure to operate, leading to a lack of movement.
     

Troubleshooting and Solutions

1. Check and Replace Hydraulic Fluid
   One of the first steps in troubleshooting control problems is checking the hydraulic fluid level. If it’s low, top it up with the appropriate type of hydraulic fluid as specified in the owner’s manual. Additionally, consider changing the hydraulic fluid and filter if the fluid appears dirty or contaminated.
   Steps to Maintain Fluid:
   • Check the fluid level regularly.
     
   • Replace the hydraulic filter if clogged or overdue for replacement.
     
   • Always use the recommended type of hydraulic fluid to ensure optimal system performance.
     
2. Inspect the Control Valves and Linkages
   If the joysticks are unresponsive or sluggish, inspect the control valves and their linkages for wear and tear. Over time, the valves can become clogged or damaged, leading to reduced fluid flow and poor system performance.
   Solution:
   • Clean or replace the control valves as needed.
     
   • Lubricate the linkages to ensure smooth movement.
     
3. Bleed the Hydraulic System
   If you suspect there’s air trapped in the hydraulic system, it’s essential to bleed the system to remove any air pockets. This can help restore consistent pressure and eliminate jerky movements.
   How to Bleed the System:
   • Locate the bleed valve on the hydraulic pump or cylinder.
     
   • Slowly loosen the valve to allow air to escape while monitoring the hydraulic fluid.
     
   • Tighten the valve once the fluid is free of air bubbles.
     
4. Inspect and Replace Worn Hydraulic Cylinders
   Hydraulic cylinders that are leaking or worn can significantly affect the machine’s lifting and driving performance. Inspect the cylinders for any signs of wear, rust, or fluid leakage, and replace them if necessary.
   Signs of Worn Cylinders:
   • Visible leaks at the seals.
     
   • Reduced lifting force or difficulty lifting heavy loads.
     
   • Jerky or unsteady movements during operation.
     
5. Check Electrical Connections
   Faulty electrical connections can cause control problems, especially with the joystick mechanisms. Inspect the wiring for any frayed or broken wires and ensure that the connections are clean and free of corrosion. If needed, replace damaged wiring or sensors.
   Electrical Troubleshooting:
   • Check the joystick wiring for continuity.
     
   • Test the control modules for proper signal transmission.
     
   • Ensure that all connectors are tight and free from corrosion.
     

Preventative Maintenance Tips

1. Regular Fluid Checks: Always monitor hydraulic fluid levels and replace fluid and filters at the recommended intervals to prevent control issues caused by contamination or low fluid levels.
   
2. Clean and Lubricate Components: Regularly clean and lubricate control linkages, cylinders, and other moving parts to maintain smooth operation.
   
3. Monitor Hydraulic Pressure: Keep an eye on the system’s hydraulic pressure to ensure the proper functioning of the lift and drive systems.
   

Real-World Example: Troubleshooting in Action
A 1986 Case 1845C owner reported sluggish joystick controls that were causing difficulty in lifting and driving. After checking the hydraulic fluid and finding it low, the operator topped it up but still experienced the same problem. Upon further inspection, they found that a clogged control valve was causing the slow response. After cleaning the valve and replacing the filter, the problem was resolved, and the machine regained full functionality.