Restoring and Operating the Case 680E Backhoe Loader with Proper Documentation

[MikePhua]

The Case 680E and Its Role in Construction History
The Case 680E was introduced in the late 1970s as part of Case Corporation’s evolution in tractor-loader-backhoe (TLB) design. Building on the success of earlier models like the 580 and 680B, the 680E offered increased hydraulic capacity, improved operator ergonomics, and a more robust drivetrain. With an operating weight of approximately 15,000 lbs and a digging depth exceeding 14 feet, it was engineered for versatility in excavation, trenching, and material handling.
Case Corporation, founded in 1842 and later merged into CNH Industrial, was a pioneer in mechanized agriculture and construction equipment. The 680E was widely adopted across North America and exported to international markets, particularly in infrastructure development and municipal fleets. Though production ceased decades ago, the 680E remains a sought-after machine among restorers and small contractors due to its mechanical simplicity and parts availability.
Terminology Annotation

• Operator’s Manual: A guide provided by the manufacturer detailing machine controls, safety procedures, and basic maintenance routines.
  
• Service Manual: A technical document outlining repair procedures, hydraulic schematics, torque specifications, and troubleshooting steps.
  
• Parts Manual: An illustrated catalog of components, part numbers, and assembly diagrams used for ordering replacements and understanding machine structure.
  
• Backhoe Loader: A multipurpose machine combining a front loader and rear excavator, commonly used in utility and construction work.
  

Why Manuals Matter in Restoration and Operation
For legacy machines like the Case 680E, access to original documentation is essential. Without proper manuals, operators risk incorrect fluid specifications, improper torque settings, and unsafe operation. The operator’s manual provides foundational knowledge—such as control lever functions, daily inspection routines, and safety decals—while the service manual dives into hydraulic valve calibration, clutch adjustments, and engine rebuild procedures.
The parts manual is especially valuable when sourcing components from salvage yards or aftermarket suppliers. It allows technicians to cross-reference part numbers, identify compatible assemblies, and avoid costly mismatches.
A Story from the Field
In Saskatchewan, a farmer acquired a Case 680E at auction for CAD $6,800. The machine ran but had erratic hydraulic response and a slipping transmission. Without manuals, he relied on forum advice and trial-and-error repairs. Eventually, he located a full set of original manuals from a retired dealer. With the service manual in hand, he discovered the hydraulic pump relief valve was set 400 psi below spec. After adjustment, the backhoe regained full digging force. The transmission issue was traced to a worn clutch pack, which was replaced using torque specs from the manual. The machine went on to serve five more seasons in drainage and fencing work.
Common Maintenance Challenges and Solutions
Typical issues with the Case 680E include:

• Hydraulic drift due to worn cylinder seals
  → Solution: Rebuild cylinders using seal kits matched from the parts manual
  
• Weak loader lift caused by low system pressure
  → Solution: Adjust relief valve and inspect pump output using service manual specs
  
• Transmission slippage in forward gears
  → Solution: Replace clutch discs and verify linkage alignment per manual diagrams
  
• Electrical faults in starter circuit
  → Solution: Trace wiring using schematic from operator’s manual and test solenoid continuity
  

Recommendations for Manual Acquisition and Use
To obtain accurate documentation:

• Search by serial number prefix to match the correct revision year
  
• Prioritize original print manuals or verified reprints from reputable suppliers
  
• Avoid generic guides that omit model-specific hydraulic and electrical details
  
• Digitize manuals for field access via tablet or mobile device
  

For daily use:

• Keep manuals in a weatherproof binder in the cab or shop
  
• Annotate pages with service history and part substitutions
  
• Use torque charts and fluid specs during every repair to avoid over-tightening or contamination
  

Industry Trends and Legacy Support
As of 2025, CNH Industrial continues to support legacy Case models through its dealer network and online parts portals. Several third-party vendors offer scanned manuals and reproduction prints, often bundled by model. Restoration communities have also begun archiving manuals in searchable databases, preserving knowledge for future generations.
Meanwhile, the demand for vintage TLBs like the 680E has grown among small contractors and landowners. Their mechanical reliability and low operating costs make them ideal for seasonal work, land clearing, and infrastructure maintenance.
Conclusion
The Case 680E remains a durable and capable backhoe loader, but its longevity depends on informed operation and precise maintenance. Manuals are more than reference books—they are the blueprint for safe, efficient, and cost-effective ownership. Whether rebuilding a hydraulic valve or sourcing a transmission seal, the right documentation transforms guesswork into craftsmanship. For those restoring or operating a 680E today, investing in manuals is the first step toward bringing this classic machine back to life.