How Not to Haul an Excavator: Common Mistakes and Best Practices

[MikePhua]

Hauling an excavator, a vital piece of heavy machinery, is a task that requires careful planning, the right equipment, and an understanding of logistics. Unlike standard cargo, excavators are large, heavy, and often irregularly shaped, which makes transporting them a challenge. Unfortunately, many operators, especially those who are inexperienced or in a rush, make mistakes that can lead to delays, equipment damage, and even safety hazards.
This article outlines common mistakes people make when hauling excavators and provides best practices to ensure the job is done safely and efficiently.
Understanding the Challenges of Hauling Excavators
Before delving into the specifics, it’s important to understand why hauling an excavator is not like hauling other types of machinery. Excavators can weigh anywhere from 10,000 pounds to over 100,000 pounds depending on the model, making them one of the heaviest and most cumbersome types of construction equipment. Their large size and weight require special transport, and failing to take the right precautions can result in costly damages or accidents.
Key challenges when hauling an excavator include:

• Weight and size: Excavators come in many sizes, and transporting them requires ensuring the trailer and truck are rated for their weight and dimensions.
  
• Balance and stability: Excavators often have a high center of gravity, especially when the boom or bucket is extended. Improper loading can lead to instability and risk of tipping.
  
• Legal and logistical concerns: Different states or countries have varying regulations about weight limits, permits, and transport routes for heavy machinery. Failing to comply with these can result in fines and delays.
  

Common Mistakes When Hauling Excavators

1. Incorrect Weight Distribution
   

One of the most significant mistakes when hauling an excavator is improper weight distribution. Loading an excavator with the weight too far forward or backward can drastically affect the stability of the entire load, making it prone to swaying or tipping during transport.

• Solution: Ensure the excavator is loaded centrally on the trailer, with its weight balanced evenly across the axles. The tracks should be placed at the base of the trailer, with the boom facing the front of the trailer or as specified by the manufacturer's guidelines. If the boom is extended, it may need to be lowered or secured to ensure the load’s center of gravity remains stable.
  

1. Not Securing the Excavator Properly
   

Another common mistake is failing to properly secure the excavator during transit. This can result in the equipment shifting or sliding during the haul, potentially causing damage to the machinery or the trailer.

• Solution: Use proper tie-downs and secure the excavator with strong, high-quality chains, straps, or cables. These should be attached to the designated securing points on the excavator, often located near the undercarriage or frame. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendations on securing points. Additionally, make sure the equipment is well-secured before setting off and regularly check the tension during transit.
  

1. Using the Wrong Trailer
   

Not all trailers are suitable for hauling excavators. Many people attempt to use flatbeds or trailers not rated for the heavy weight or the size of the excavator.

• Solution: Use a lowboy trailer or a specialized heavy equipment trailer designed for hauling large machines. Lowboy trailers are preferred because they have a lower deck height, which ensures that the heavy machinery stays within legal height limits and is easier to load and unload. The trailer should also be able to handle the specific weight of the excavator, taking into account both the machine's total weight and its load distribution.
  

1. Skipping Permits and Inspections
   

In many areas, hauling an excavator requires permits due to the weight and size of the load. Failing to obtain the necessary permits or to ensure that the route complies with road restrictions can result in hefty fines and legal troubles.

• Solution: Always check local, state, and federal regulations regarding oversized loads. This includes weight limits, route restrictions, and requirements for escort vehicles. It’s also important to check for low bridges or narrow roads that may not be suitable for large equipment. Permits should be secured before the transport begins, and some jurisdictions may require a professional escort.
  

1. Rushing the Process
   

In the rush to get the job done quickly, some operators make the mistake of speeding up the loading and unloading process, which can lead to improper handling or overlooked safety checks.

• Solution: Take the time to properly plan and execute the haul. Allow for enough time to inspect the equipment, trailer, and securing system before transport. Ensure that all paperwork, including permits, is in order. Proper preparation reduces the risk of problems during the haul.
  

Best Practices for Hauling Excavators

1. Inspect the Excavator and Trailer
   

Before loading the excavator, inspect both the machine and the trailer thoroughly. Check for any potential issues such as loose components or damaged parts that may cause problems during the haul. Verify that the trailer is in good condition and that it meets weight ratings.

1. Choose the Right Hauling Equipment
   

The type of truck and trailer you use is critical to a successful haul. As mentioned earlier, a lowboy trailer is typically the best option for hauling excavators. It helps with weight distribution and ensures that the equipment’s center of gravity stays balanced. Additionally, ensure the hauling truck has sufficient towing capacity and is equipped with the proper suspension system to handle the load.

1. Load and Unload Safely
   

When loading or unloading an excavator, use ramps or cranes to carefully maneuver the equipment onto the trailer. Never rush this process. Ensure the equipment is securely anchored before transporting, and use proper lifting techniques when necessary.

1. Adhere to Safety Regulations
   

As mentioned earlier, complying with local road regulations is essential. Depending on the load, you may need to hire escort vehicles or obtain permits for oversized loads. These regulations are in place to ensure safety on the roads and prevent accidents. Additionally, make sure that all operators and staff involved in the transport are well-trained and familiar with safety protocols.

1. Regular Checks During the Haul
   

Once on the road, don’t neglect the importance of regular checks during the haul. Stop periodically to inspect the equipment’s condition and ensure that everything is still secure. This is particularly important on long-distance hauls, where road conditions and vibrations may affect the stability of the load.
Conclusion
Hauling an excavator is a task that should never be rushed. By following best practices, using the correct equipment, and taking the time to secure the machine properly, you can avoid common mistakes that could result in costly damages or delays. Understanding the challenges of transporting heavy equipment is key to ensuring that your excavator reaches its destination safely and without incident. With proper planning, preparation, and attention to detail, hauling an excavator can be a smooth and efficient process.