Diagnosing Hydraulic Drift on the Case 580 Super E

[MikePhua]

The Evolution of the Case 580 Super E
The Case 580 Super E backhoe loader, introduced in the early 1980s by Case Corporation (now part of CNH Industrial), marked a significant leap in mid-size backhoe design. Building on the success of the 580C and D models, the Super E featured improved hydraulic performance, a more robust transmission, and enhanced operator ergonomics. Case, founded in 1842, had already established itself as a pioneer in agricultural and construction machinery, and the 580 series became one of its most iconic product lines. By the late 1980s, the Super E had sold tens of thousands of units globally, particularly in North America and Australia, where its reliability and ease of maintenance made it a favorite among contractors and municipalities.
Symptoms of Hydraulic Cross-Activation
One of the more puzzling issues reported by operators of the 580 Super E is unintended movement of hydraulic components. For example, when raising the boom under load, the swing cylinder or front bucket may also activate slightly. This phenomenon, often referred to informally as “ghost movement,” is not just a nuisance—it can compromise precision during lifting or craning operations.
The root cause typically lies in internal leakage within the control valve assembly. Specifically, the seals on the load check valves and port relief valves may have degraded, allowing hydraulic pressure to bleed across circuits. In a properly functioning system, each control lever should activate only its designated cylinder. When seals fail, pressure intended for one circuit can inadvertently energize another.
Understanding Load Checks and Relief Valves
In hydraulic terminology:

• Load Check Valve: A one-way valve that prevents backflow of hydraulic fluid under load. It ensures that a lifted component (like a boom) doesn’t drift downward when the control lever is in neutral.
  
• Port Relief Valve: A safety valve that limits pressure in a specific circuit to prevent damage. It opens when pressure exceeds a preset threshold.
  

On the 580 Super E, these components are housed within the loader and backhoe control valve blocks. Each function—boom, dipper, bucket, swing—has its own set of load checks and reliefs. Over time, O-rings and backup seals within these valves can harden, crack, or extrude under pressure, especially in high-temperature environments.
Repair Strategy and Tooling
Resealing the load checks and relief valves is a moderately challenging task, but well within reach for a skilled mechanic. The process involves:

• Collapsing all hydraulic cylinders to relieve pressure
  
• Disconnecting supply and return lines to prevent fluid loss
  
• Removing valve plugs using a 1¼" socket and open-end wrench
  
• Extracting load check valves with a custom hook tool (typically a 3/8" rod bent to engage the valve slot)
  
• Replacing O-rings, backup rings, and external seals with OEM-grade components
  

It’s critical not to mix up relief valves during reassembly, as each is calibrated for a specific pressure range. For example, the swing circuit may be set at 2,000 psi, while the boom lift could be rated for 2,500 psi. Misplacement can lead to erratic behavior or component damage.
Extendahoe and Auxiliary Valve Considerations
Machines equipped with the Extendahoe feature have additional valve sections and load checks. Typically:

• 8 relief valves on the backhoe
  
• 2 plugs on the Extendahoe
  
• 10 total load checks on the rear
  
• 4 load checks on the loader (2 reliefs for bucket, 2 plugs for lift)
  
• Optional 4-in-1 bucket adds 2 more reliefs and checks
  

Some units also include a hydraulic accessory valve, originally intended for breakers or augers. If disabled, remnants like cut hard lines or unused levers may still be present. These should be inspected and capped properly to prevent contamination or pressure anomalies.
Brake Pedal Travel and Wet Brake Adjustment
Another issue noted by operators is excessive pedal travel before brake engagement. The 580 Super E uses wet disc brakes, which are hydraulically actuated and known for durability. However, long pedal stroke can indicate:

• Air in the brake lines
  
• Worn brake discs or seals
  
• Misadjusted linkage or pedal stops
  

While the brakes may still function, delayed engagement can be hazardous in tight job sites or during transport. A full inspection of the brake circuit, including master cylinders and pedal linkage, is recommended. In some cases, bleeding the system and adjusting pedal stops can restore proper feel.
Field Anecdotes and Practical Advice
A contractor in Nova Scotia reported similar ghost movements on his JD 310D, which shares hydraulic architecture with the Case 580 series. After resealing all control valve sections, the issue disappeared. Another operator in New England tackled the job during an early snowstorm, noting that removing the backhoe didn’t improve access and that the job was manageable with the hoe in place.
These stories underscore the importance of methodical diagnostics and OEM parts. Generic seals may not withstand the high-pressure, high-temperature environment of hydraulic valves, leading to premature failure.
Recommendations for Long-Term Reliability
To maintain optimal hydraulic performance on the Case 580 Super E:

• Use genuine Case seals and backup rings for valve repairs
  
• Test relief pressures after reassembly to confirm correct calibration
  
• Inspect auxiliary valve remnants and cap unused lines
  
• Bleed brake circuits and adjust pedal linkage annually
  
• Monitor for ghost movements and address early to prevent wear
  

With proper care, the 580 Super E remains a workhorse capable of decades of service. Its straightforward design and robust components make it ideal for owner-operators and small fleets alike.
Conclusion
Hydraulic drift and cross-activation on the Case 580 Super E are common but solvable issues. By understanding the role of load checks and relief valves, and by approaching repairs with precision and patience, operators can restore full control and extend the life of their machines. In the world of backhoes, few models have earned the trust and longevity of the Super E—and with the right maintenance, it continues to deliver.