Troubleshooting Bobcat Skid Steer Bucking and Rough Operation Issues

[MikePhua]

Bobcat skid steers are renowned for their versatility, power, and durability. These compact machines excel in a variety of tasks, from digging and lifting to material handling. However, like any piece of heavy machinery, Bobcat skid steers can experience operational issues from time to time. One of the most concerning problems that operators may encounter is when the machine behaves like a "bucking bronco"—a situation where the skid steer jerks or bucks unexpectedly during operation.
This article delves into the causes behind this erratic behavior, what it means for your machine, and how to troubleshoot and resolve the issue. Whether you’re dealing with hydraulic problems, issues with the drive system, or mechanical failures, this guide will help you identify the problem and find a solution.
Understanding the "Bucking Bronco" Problem
When operators describe their Bobcat skid steer as "bucking like a bronco," they are referring to a situation where the machine experiences sudden, jerky movements, as if the machine is struggling to control its movement. This issue can occur in various situations, from digging and lifting to simply driving the skid steer across a job site.
While the "bucking bronco" behavior can be alarming, it's usually indicative of an underlying issue that needs to be addressed. The severity of the problem can vary, but common symptoms include:

• Jerky movements when operating the controls (bucket, lift arm, or drive)
  
• Sudden surges in speed when moving forward or backward
  
• Unpredictable movement of the boom or bucket when attempting to lift or dig
  
• Erratic or inconsistent power delivery from the machine's hydraulics or drive system
  

These symptoms can be frustrating for operators who rely on their Bobcat skid steer for smooth, controlled operation. Identifying and fixing the issue is critical not only for productivity but also for the safety of the operator and the integrity of the equipment.
Common Causes of Jerky or Bucking Movements
Several factors can cause a Bobcat skid steer to behave erratically, ranging from mechanical issues to hydraulic system problems. Below is a breakdown of the most common causes of jerky or bucking movements in a skid steer.

1. Hydraulic System Problems
   

The hydraulic system in a Bobcat skid steer is responsible for controlling the movement of the boom, lift arms, and bucket. It also powers the drive motors that allow the machine to move forward or backward. Hydraulic issues are often the leading cause of bucking movements in skid steers. Some potential hydraulic problems include:

• Low Hydraulic Fluid: Low or contaminated hydraulic fluid can cause erratic movement, as the hydraulic pump may not be able to deliver consistent pressure to the hydraulic motors. This can result in jerky or delayed movements when trying to lift the boom or operate the bucket.
  
• Air in the Hydraulic System: Air can enter the hydraulic lines through leaks or if the system is overfilled. Air pockets in the hydraulic fluid can cause pressure fluctuations, leading to jerky or unresponsive machine movements.
  
• Damaged Hydraulic Valves or Pumps: If the valves or pumps that control hydraulic flow are malfunctioning, they can cause an inconsistent supply of pressure to the machine's components. This can result in sudden surges or drops in power, leading to erratic behavior.
  
• Hydraulic Leaks: Leaking hydraulic hoses, fittings, or seals can reduce the system's ability to operate at full capacity, causing loss of pressure and bucking movements.
  

1. Drive System Issues
   

The drive system in a skid steer consists of motors, tracks, or wheels that allow the machine to move forward or backward. If there is a problem with the drive system, it can lead to erratic movement. Common drive system issues include:

• Drive Motor Problems: If the drive motors are malfunctioning or not receiving enough power, the skid steer may lurch or jerk when moving. This can be caused by worn-out components, electrical issues, or internal motor damage.
  
• Improper Track Tension: On tracked skid steers, improperly tensioned tracks can cause the machine to move unevenly. Loose or tight tracks can create jerking movements, making the skid steer difficult to control.
  
• Drive Chain or Gearbox Failure: In some models, the skid steer uses chains or gearboxes to transfer power to the wheels or tracks. A worn-out or damaged chain or gearbox can cause the machine to buck or hesitate as it tries to move.
  

1. Electrical and Control System Malfunctions
   

Modern Bobcat skid steers rely on electronic control systems to manage various functions, including hydraulic pressure, speed, and direction. Malfunctions in the electrical or control system can cause the machine to behave erratically. Common issues include:

• Faulty Sensors or Relays: Skid steers are equipped with sensors that relay information to the control system. If these sensors are malfunctioning, they may send incorrect signals to the hydraulic or drive system, resulting in jerky movements or unresponsive controls.
  
• Worn-out Joystick or Control Levers: The joystick or control levers that operators use to control the machine may become worn out or misaligned over time. This can cause the machine to respond unpredictably, leading to jerking motions.
  
• Control System Calibration Issues: If the control system becomes miscalibrated, the machine may not respond correctly to operator inputs. This can result in sudden surges of power, unsteady movement, or lack of response from the lift arms or bucket.
  

1. Mechanical Failures
   

Mechanical failures in other parts of the machine can also contribute to jerky or erratic movements. These include:

• Worn or Damaged Bearings: Bearings in the machine's pivot points, drive motors, or lift arms can wear out, causing the machine to move unevenly. Worn bearings create excessive friction, leading to jerking motions as the machine struggles to move.
  
• Broken Linkages: The mechanical linkages that connect the hydraulic cylinders to the lift arms or bucket can break or become misaligned. This can cause the bucket or arms to move erratically, leading to unpredictable behavior during operation.
  
• Damaged Frame or Chassis: If the skid steer’s frame or chassis is damaged, it can affect the stability of the machine. This may cause jerky movements as the components struggle to work together properly.
  

Steps to Troubleshoot and Fix the "Bucking Bronco" Issue
If your Bobcat skid steer is exhibiting bucking or jerky movements, it’s important to troubleshoot the issue carefully to identify the root cause. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you diagnose and fix the problem.

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels and Quality
   Start by inspecting the hydraulic fluid levels and checking for contamination. If the fluid is low, top it off with the manufacturer-recommended hydraulic fluid. If the fluid appears dirty or has a burnt smell, it may need to be replaced.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Hoses and Seals
   Check all hydraulic hoses and connections for leaks or damage. Leaking hoses or seals can cause a drop in hydraulic pressure, leading to jerky movements. Replace any damaged parts and ensure all connections are secure.
   
3. Test Hydraulic Pumps and Valves
   If you suspect a problem with the hydraulic pumps or valves, test the system to see if pressure is being delivered consistently. A professional technician can help diagnose and repair issues with the pumps, valves, or other hydraulic components.
   
4. Examine the Drive System
   For tracked skid steers, check the track tension and adjust it if necessary. Make sure the tracks are aligned properly and show no signs of excessive wear. If you have a wheeled skid steer, inspect the drive motors and transmission for any signs of damage or wear.
   
5. Inspect the Electrical and Control System
   Test the joystick or control levers to ensure they are responding properly. If they feel sticky or unresponsive, they may need to be lubricated or replaced. Check the sensors and relays for any faults and replace any malfunctioning components.
   
6. Examine the Mechanical Components
   Inspect the bearings, linkages, and frame for any signs of wear or damage. If there are any broken or worn parts, they should be replaced to restore smooth operation.
   

Preventive Maintenance to Avoid Bucking and Jerky Movements
To prevent issues like jerky movements or bucking in the future, perform regular maintenance on your Bobcat skid steer:

• Regularly check and replace hydraulic fluid to ensure the system is running smoothly.
  
• Inspect and clean the hydraulic filters to prevent contamination and maintain optimal fluid flow.
  
• Lubricate the moving parts to reduce friction and prevent wear.
  
• Calibrate the control system periodically to ensure accurate and consistent performance.
  
• Check the tracks or wheels for wear and replace them as needed to prevent uneven movement.
  

Conclusion
A Bobcat skid steer that behaves like a "bucking bronco" can be frustrating, but with careful troubleshooting and maintenance, the issue can often be resolved. Whether the cause is related to the hydraulic system, drive components, electrical issues, or mechanical wear, understanding the root cause is key to restoring smooth operation. By performing regular maintenance and addressing issues promptly, operators can keep their skid steers performing efficiently and safely for years to come.