Identifying Components and Troubleshooting Oil Filters in Excavators: A Guide for EX120-2 Owners

[MikePhua]

Excavators, like the Hitachi EX120-2, are critical machines used in a variety of industries, from construction to mining. However, identifying and troubleshooting components on such machines can sometimes be tricky, especially when dealing with essential parts like oil filters and containers. In this guide, we'll explore how to identify the oil filter container on the EX120-2 and troubleshoot common issues associated with oil filters.
Understanding the Role of the Oil Filter in Excavators
Oil filters play a crucial role in keeping the hydraulic and engine systems of excavators functioning smoothly. They help remove impurities from the oil, preventing damage to critical components such as pumps, motors, and valves. In an excavator, both the engine and hydraulic systems typically use separate filters, which makes it essential to know the correct one for your maintenance needs.
Types of Oil Filters:

1. Engine Oil Filter: This filter ensures that the oil circulating through the engine is free from dirt, metal shavings, and other contaminants that could cause wear and tear.
   
2. Hydraulic Oil Filter: This filter removes contaminants from the hydraulic fluid, ensuring smooth operation of the excavator's boom, arm, and other hydraulic functions.
   
3. Transmission Oil Filter: This filter protects the transmission system, ensuring clean oil for smooth gear shifting and system longevity.
   

Identifying the Oil Filter Container on the Hitachi EX120-2
One of the most common issues owners face when working on excavators like the EX120-2 is correctly identifying the oil filter container, especially when performing routine maintenance or troubleshooting issues. For the EX120-2, it is essential to know which containers hold the engine and hydraulic oil filters, as both need to be checked or replaced periodically.
The container for the oil filter is usually located close to the engine or hydraulic system, depending on the type of oil being filtered. It is typically cylindrical in shape and may be either a screw-on filter or a canister-style container, which requires a special tool for removal.
How to Identify the Correct Container:

• Engine Oil Filter: On the EX120-2, the engine oil filter is usually mounted near the engine block. It will be made of metal and may have a round or canister shape, designed to hold the filter element inside.
  
• Hydraulic Oil Filter: The hydraulic oil filter on the EX120-2 is typically located near the hydraulic pump, often on the side or top of the pump housing. It can resemble a large cylindrical canister, similar to the engine oil filter but larger.
  

Common Challenges in Identifying Oil Filter Containers:

• Mislabeling or Confusion: Sometimes, components are not clearly labeled, which can lead to confusion between different filters, especially when filters are similar in shape.
  
• Access Issues: The oil filter containers may be located in tight spaces, making it difficult to reach and identify them, especially if the excavator is not in optimal working conditions.
  

How to Troubleshoot Oil Filter Issues
When dealing with oil filter problems, it’s essential to approach the situation methodically. The most common issues involving oil filters include clogged filters, incorrect installation, and contamination of oil. Here’s how to troubleshoot each issue.
1. Clogged Oil Filter
A clogged oil filter restricts the flow of oil through the system, causing a drop in pressure and potentially leading to overheating or mechanical failure. Here’s how to troubleshoot:

• Signs of a Clogged Filter: If you notice a drop in performance, increased engine temperature, or a slow response from the hydraulics, this may indicate a clogged filter.
  
• Solution: Replace the oil filter. It’s important to use the correct filter type for your system. Consult the EX120-2 manual to identify the proper filter specifications.
  

2. Incorrect Installation
An incorrectly installed filter can lead to oil leaks, poor filtration, and even system failure.

• Signs of Incorrect Installation: Leaking oil, reduced performance, or an illuminated oil pressure warning light may indicate an installation problem.
  
• Solution: Ensure the filter is properly threaded and tightened according to manufacturer instructions. Avoid over-tightening, as this can damage the filter housing.
  

3. Contaminated Oil
Contaminated oil can result from a faulty oil filter, improper maintenance, or external debris entering the system. If the oil becomes contaminated, it will no longer lubricate or cool the system properly.

• Signs of Contaminated Oil: Blackened or thickened oil, visible debris in the oil, or unusual noises from the engine or hydraulics can indicate contaminated oil.
  
• Solution: Perform an oil change and replace the oil filter. Check for any leaks or cracks in the oil filter housing, which may allow debris into the system.
  

4. Reduced Hydraulic Performance
If the hydraulic system is sluggish or not operating at full capacity, it could be due to a blocked or damaged hydraulic oil filter.

• Signs of Hydraulic Issues: Slow movement of the boom, arm, or bucket, or reduced lifting capability, are common signs of a hydraulic issue.
  
• Solution: Inspect the hydraulic oil filter for signs of clogging or damage. Replace the filter and clean the system if needed. Additionally, check the hydraulic fluid levels and top them up if necessary.
  

The Importance of Regular Maintenance and Oil Changes
Regular maintenance is crucial for keeping your EX120-2 excavator in peak operating condition. Here’s why:

• Prevents Damage: Regularly changing the oil and replacing the filters ensures that contaminants do not build up in the system, protecting the engine and hydraulics from excessive wear.
  
• Enhances Performance: Clean oil and filters lead to smoother operations, whether it’s the engine, hydraulic systems, or transmission.
  
• Improves Lifespan: Well-maintained equipment lasts longer, offering better return on investment and reducing the likelihood of expensive repairs or premature breakdowns.
  

Conclusion
Understanding how to identify and troubleshoot oil filter issues is essential for maintaining the longevity and performance of your Hitachi EX120-2 excavator. Regular maintenance, proper identification of oil filter containers, and quick action in case of issues can prevent costly repairs and downtime.
Whether you’re working on construction, demolition, or landscaping projects, ensuring that your equipment’s oil filters are functioning optimally will keep the machine running smoothly. Always consult your operator’s manual for detailed maintenance guidelines, and don't hesitate to seek professional help if you're unsure about any aspect of the oil filter system. By addressing potential oil filter problems early, you can keep your excavator in excellent working condition for years to come.