Uneven Track Motor Performance: Diagnosing Issues When One Track is Stronger Than the Other

[MikePhua]

When operating a tracked machine, whether it’s a skid steer, excavator, or a compact track loader, a common issue that can arise is uneven performance between the two tracks. Specifically, one track motor being stronger than the other is a problem that many operators face. This issue can manifest as uneven movement, erratic handling, or even mechanical stress on the machine.
This article will explore the possible reasons why one track motor might be performing more efficiently than the other, how to diagnose the issue, and what steps can be taken to fix it. We will also discuss related stories and insights from the field to help deepen the understanding of this common issue.
Common Causes of Uneven Track Motor Performance
There are several reasons why one track motor may perform stronger than the other. Most of these reasons are related to mechanical or hydraulic issues, and each needs a specific approach for diagnosis and repair.

1. Hydraulic Pressure Imbalance
   One of the most common causes of uneven track motor performance is an imbalance in hydraulic pressure. Skid steers, compact track loaders, and other tracked machines rely on hydraulic motors to drive each track. If the hydraulic system is not delivering equal pressure to both motors, it can cause one motor to operate more efficiently than the other. This imbalance can be due to several factors, including a blocked or damaged hydraulic line, worn hydraulic pump, or malfunctioning pressure relief valve.
   
2. Uneven Hydraulic Flow
   Another potential cause is uneven hydraulic flow. The hydraulic system splits the flow of fluid between both track motors. If one side of the system is restricted due to a clogged filter, faulty valve, or air in the system, one track will receive less hydraulic fluid, making it weaker and less responsive. Over time, this can cause operational issues, leading to poor performance, higher fuel consumption, and increased wear on the system.
   
3. Track Tension and Alignment Issues
   If the tracks themselves are misaligned or not evenly tensioned, it can appear that one track motor is stronger than the other. Uneven track tension causes the machine to operate unevenly, as one track may not have enough slack to move freely, resulting in excess strain on one side. Misalignment of the tracks can also make it harder for the machine to move in a straight line, affecting its turning ability and overall maneuverability.
   
4. Worn or Damaged Components
   Over time, parts in the track motor system, such as the gears, bearings, or sprockets, can become worn or damaged. If one motor has a worn-out component, it may not be able to deliver as much power as the other motor. This issue often leads to a noticeable performance disparity between the tracks, where one side is slower or weaker than the other.
   
5. Differential Problems
   Some tracked machines utilize a differential to regulate the speed and power of the tracks. If the differential is malfunctioning, it can result in one track moving faster or more powerfully than the other. This could be caused by low fluid levels, worn gears, or a damaged differential mechanism that affects the performance of one motor more than the other.
   
6. Control Valve or Electronic Issues
   Modern tracked machines often have electronic controls that manage the distribution of power to the tracks. A malfunction in the control system, such as a faulty valve or sensor, could result in an imbalance in how the power is split between the two track motors. This is especially true for machines that have complex electronic systems that monitor and adjust power output.
   

Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Process
If you notice one track motor is stronger than the other, it's essential to follow a methodical troubleshooting process to identify the cause of the issue. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you diagnose the problem.

1. Check the Hydraulic Fluid Levels and Quality
   Start by inspecting the hydraulic fluid levels and quality. Low or contaminated fluid can cause the hydraulic system to operate inefficiently. If the fluid is dirty, it could indicate that the filters need to be replaced. Ensure that both hydraulic reservoirs are topped up and that the fluid is clear and free of contaminants.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Lines and Valves
   Examine the hydraulic lines for any blockages, kinks, or leaks. Even a small crack or leak can cause a loss of pressure to one of the track motors. Inspect the control valves to ensure they are functioning properly and that there is no air in the system. Bleeding the system may be necessary if air has entered.
   
3. Check Track Alignment and Tension
   Ensure that both tracks are properly aligned and tensioned. Improperly tensioned tracks can cause uneven power delivery and wear. Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for proper tensioning procedures. If the tracks are misaligned, adjust them to ensure they run straight and true.
   
4. Inspect the Motors and Drive Components
   Inspect the track motors and related drive components, such as gears, bearings, and sprockets. Look for signs of wear or damage that could affect the motor's efficiency. A damaged or worn component in one motor could be the reason it is weaker than the other. If needed, replace any worn parts.
   
5. Test the Differential and Drive System
   Check the differential for any issues that might be causing one motor to be stronger than the other. Inspect the gears, fluid levels, and seals. If the differential is malfunctioning, it will likely need to be replaced or repaired by a professional.
   
6. Perform Electronic System Diagnostics
   If the machine has an electronic control system, check the diagnostics for any fault codes or issues that might be affecting the motor's performance. Many modern machines have diagnostic tools that can help identify problems with the electronic control valves or sensors that manage the power distribution to the motors.
   

Real-World Example: Uneven Track Motors on a Skid Steer
A contractor working with a skid steer noticed that one of the track motors was significantly stronger than the other. Upon inspection, they discovered that the hydraulic lines leading to the weaker motor were clogged with debris. The clog was restricting the flow of hydraulic fluid, causing the motor to underperform. After cleaning the lines and replacing the filters, the skid steer’s performance returned to normal, and both tracks operated evenly once again.
In another case, a construction company experienced uneven performance in their compact track loader. After troubleshooting, they found that the issue was due to a faulty control valve that was not regulating the hydraulic fluid evenly. Once the valve was replaced, the loader regained its usual strength and balanced performance.
Preventing Uneven Track Motor Performance
To prevent future issues with uneven track motor performance, consider the following preventive measures:

1. Regular Hydraulic System Maintenance
   Regularly inspect and maintain the hydraulic system. Replace filters, check fluid levels, and monitor the system for any signs of wear or leaks. Keeping the hydraulic system in top condition will ensure both motors perform at their best.
   
2. Track Alignment and Tension
   Regularly check the alignment and tension of the tracks. Keeping the tracks in proper condition helps prevent uneven wear and ensures smooth operation.
   
3. Monitor Wear and Tear on Components
   Regularly inspect the track motors, gears, and differential components for signs of wear. Timely repairs or replacements can prevent small issues from becoming major problems.
   
4. Use the Right Oil and Fluid
   Always use the recommended oil and hydraulic fluid specified by the manufacturer. Using the wrong type of fluid can lead to system inefficiencies and poor performance.
   

Conclusion: Ensuring Balanced Performance
Uneven track motor performance can be a sign of underlying issues with the hydraulic system, track alignment, or drive components. By following a structured troubleshooting process and addressing the issue promptly, you can get your machine running smoothly again. Regular maintenance and attention to detail will help prevent these issues from occurring in the future, ensuring that your tracked equipment delivers balanced, efficient performance.