D31P-20 Track Adjuster Rebuild: A Step-by-Step Guide

[MikePhua]

Introduction: The Importance of Track Adjusters
Track adjusters are a crucial component in maintaining the proper tension in the tracks of a crawler excavator, such as the D31P-20 model. Over time, wear and tear can lead to issues such as track slippage, uneven wear, or the need for frequent adjustments. Rebuilding the track adjuster can restore proper track tension and prolong the life of the equipment. This article provides a detailed guide on how to rebuild the track adjuster for the D31P-20, highlighting key steps, tools, and tips.
Signs of a Faulty Track Adjuster
Before beginning the rebuild process, it's essential to recognize the signs that indicate a faulty track adjuster. Some common symptoms include:

• Loose Tracks: If the tracks become loose and need constant adjustment, it may be a sign that the track adjuster is failing.
  
• Uneven Track Wear: A malfunctioning adjuster can lead to uneven tension, causing irregular wear on the tracks.
  
• Oil Leaks: Leaking oil from the track adjuster is a clear indicator that a rebuild or replacement is necessary.
  

Disassembly: Preparing for the Rebuild
The first step in rebuilding the track adjuster is disassembly. This involves removing the track tensioning mechanism from the machine.

• Lift the Machine: Use a jack or lifting equipment to raise the machine off the ground, ensuring that it is stable and secure.
  
• Remove the Track: Carefully remove the track using appropriate tools, such as a track pin puller or hydraulic equipment, depending on the machine’s design.
  
• Drain the Oil: Drain any oil from the track adjuster to prevent spills and ensure proper cleaning during the rebuild process.
  

Inspection: Identifying Damaged Components
Once the track adjuster is disassembled, inspect all components for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Key areas to check include:

• Piston and Cylinder: Inspect for scratches, scoring, or excessive wear that could prevent proper sealing.
  
• Seals and O-Rings: Examine all seals and O-rings for cracks, hardening, or leaks. Replacing these is essential to maintain proper pressure.
  
• Spring and Tensioning Mechanism: Ensure the spring is intact and properly tensioned. If it shows signs of fatigue or corrosion, it should be replaced.
  

Rebuilding the Track Adjuster
The rebuilding process involves replacing worn-out parts, cleaning, and reassembling the track adjuster. Here are the key steps:

• Clean All Parts: Thoroughly clean all parts of the track adjuster to remove dirt, debris, and old oil. This helps ensure that no contaminants interfere with the rebuild.
  
• Replace Worn Components: Replace any damaged parts such as the seals, O-rings, and springs. It's crucial to use high-quality replacement parts that match the specifications of the original components.
  
• Lubricate Moving Parts: Apply fresh grease or oil to the moving parts to ensure smooth operation and prevent premature wear.
  
• Reassemble the Adjuster: Carefully reassemble the track adjuster, following the manufacturer’s guidelines. Ensure that all seals are properly seated and the adjuster is assembled tightly.
  

Reinstallation: Putting the Track Adjuster Back
Once the track adjuster is rebuilt, it’s time to reinstall it on the machine.

• Attach the Adjuster: Secure the rebuilt track adjuster back into its proper position on the machine, ensuring that all bolts and connections are tightened to the manufacturer’s recommended torque specifications.
  
• Reinstall the Track: Place the track back onto the machine, ensuring it is properly aligned and tensioned.
  
• Refill with Oil: Fill the track adjuster with the correct type and amount of oil as specified in the machine’s manual.
  

Testing: Verifying Proper Function
After the track adjuster has been rebuilt and reinstalled, it's important to test the system to ensure it’s functioning correctly.

• Check Track Tension: Ensure that the track is properly tensioned and that the adjuster is holding the tension consistently.
  
• Look for Leaks: Check for any signs of oil leakage from the track adjuster, which could indicate a faulty seal or improper assembly.
  
• Test Machine Operation: Run the machine for a short period and monitor for any unusual sounds or performance issues. This ensures that the track adjuster rebuild has been successful.
  

Conclusion: Prolonging the Life of Your D31P-20
Rebuilding the track adjuster on a D31P-20 excavator is a valuable maintenance task that helps maintain proper track tension and ensures smooth operation. By carefully disassembling, inspecting, and rebuilding the track adjuster, operators can prevent costly repairs and extend the life of their machine. Regular maintenance and timely rebuilds will ensure that your equipment continues to perform at its best.