Fixing the Starter Issue on Case 4-390, 1845C Backhoe Loader

[MikePhua]

Case Construction Equipment has long been known for producing durable and reliable machinery, with its 4-390 and 1845C Backhoe Loaders serving as vital workhorses on construction sites around the world. However, like any piece of machinery, these machines can experience issues over time. One of the most common problems that operators encounter with these models involves starter motor failure or difficulty starting the engine.
This article provides a detailed exploration of how to diagnose and fix starter issues in the Case 4-390 and 1845C Backhoe Loaders, along with some helpful insights on troubleshooting and preventive maintenance.
Understanding the Case 4-390 and 1845C Models
The Case 4-390 Backhoe Loader and 1845C model are part of Case's larger family of construction machinery, widely recognized for their versatility in the field. The 4-390 series was engineered for earth-moving tasks such as digging, lifting, and loading, making it a crucial asset for small to medium construction projects. Similarly, the 1845C is a skid steer loader commonly used for its maneuverability in confined spaces.
Both machines feature robust diesel engines and a hydraulic system that ensures smooth operation, but they are not immune to the mechanical problems that come with extended use, particularly the starter motor.
Symptoms of a Starter Issue
When the starter motor begins to fail in a Case 4-390 or 1845C Backhoe Loader, the symptoms are often noticeable:

• Slow or Unresponsive Cranking: The engine may turn over slowly or may not crank at all, especially when turning the key.
  
• Clicking Sound: A clicking noise when attempting to start the engine often indicates a faulty starter solenoid or a weak battery.
  
• No Crank, No Start: The engine may fail to turn over completely, leaving the machine completely unresponsive.
  
• Frequent Battery Draining: A faulty starter may drain the battery quickly, preventing the machine from starting or causing the battery to die prematurely.
  

While these issues are often related to the starter motor itself, they can also be caused by other components such as the battery, ignition system, or wiring.
Diagnosing Starter Problems
Before jumping to the conclusion that the starter needs to be replaced, it's essential to perform a few diagnostic steps to rule out other potential causes.

1. Battery Check: A weak or dead battery is often mistaken for a starter problem. Ensure the battery is fully charged and in good condition. Use a multimeter to check the voltage, which should be around 12.6 volts for a fully charged battery. If the voltage is low, the issue may lie with the battery rather than the starter.
   
2. Examine the Starter Solenoid: The solenoid is responsible for engaging the starter motor when the ignition switch is turned on. If you hear a clicking sound but the starter doesn’t engage, the solenoid could be faulty. Check the connections to the solenoid to make sure they are tight and free of corrosion.
   
3. Inspect the Wiring: Loose or corroded wiring can also cause intermittent starting issues. Inspect all wires connected to the starter, solenoid, and ignition system. Clean or tighten connections as necessary. Damaged wiring should be replaced to ensure proper electrical flow.
   
4. Starter Motor Test: If the battery, solenoid, and wiring all seem fine, the problem is likely within the starter motor itself. You can test the motor by removing it from the vehicle and testing it with a bench test or having it professionally tested at a shop.
   

Fixing the Starter Issue
If the issue lies with the starter motor itself, you will need to take a few steps to fix or replace it. Depending on the severity of the problem, the following solutions may apply:

1. Cleaning and Lubricating the Starter: In some cases, the starter motor can become gummed up with dirt or debris over time, especially if the machine is operated in harsh conditions. Cleaning and lubricating the starter may help it perform more efficiently. Ensure all moving parts are free from grime and that the brushes inside the motor are not worn down.
   
2. Replacing the Starter Solenoid: If the solenoid is the culprit, replacing it is a relatively simple and cost-effective fix. Be sure to use a solenoid compatible with the 4-390 and 1845C models to ensure proper engagement with the starter motor.
   
3. Installing a New Starter Motor: If cleaning or replacing the solenoid does not resolve the issue, you may need to replace the starter motor itself. When replacing the starter, always opt for high-quality, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts to ensure the longevity and reliability of the system.
   
4. Cleaning or Replacing the Battery: While you may have ruled out a dead battery initially, a faulty or undercharged battery can still be a factor in starter problems. If the battery is several years old or not holding a charge, it’s best to replace it with a new one that meets the specifications for the Case 4-390 or 1845C.
   

Preventive Maintenance to Avoid Starter Problems
Preventing starter issues before they arise can save time, money, and frustration. Here are a few tips on keeping the starter and electrical system in good condition:

1. Regularly Inspect and Clean Connections: Periodically inspect the battery terminals, starter, and solenoid for corrosion, rust, or dirt. Clean the terminals with a wire brush and ensure tight connections to avoid electrical issues.
   
2. Maintain the Battery: Ensure the battery is always fully charged and in good condition. Inspect it for signs of wear and replace it if necessary. Keep the battery terminals clean and free of corrosion to ensure a solid electrical connection.
   
3. Use the Excavator Properly: Overuse or improper operation can put unnecessary strain on the starter motor and battery. Avoid cranking the engine for extended periods of time, and try to start the engine only when necessary. If the machine is left unused for a long period, consider using a battery maintainer to keep it charged.
   
4. Store the Equipment Properly: If the backhoe loader is stored for an extended period, disconnect the battery and store it in a cool, dry place. This will prevent the battery from discharging and will help keep the starter in good condition for when the machine is needed again.
   

Conclusion
Starter problems in the Case 4-390 and 1845C Backhoe Loaders can be caused by several factors, including issues with the battery, solenoid, wiring, or the starter motor itself. Diagnosing the root cause involves checking all these components and testing them for functionality. Whether it’s cleaning, replacing a solenoid, or installing a new starter motor, addressing the problem promptly can ensure that the machine remains reliable and operational.
Regular maintenance and proper care can prevent many starter issues from arising, ensuring that your Case backhoe loader remains an effective tool for all your construction needs. With careful attention and the right fixes, you can keep your equipment running smoothly and avoid costly downtime.