The Bobcat T190 is a highly versatile and powerful compact track loader, widely used in construction, landscaping, and agriculture. This machine is equipped with a hydraulic system that powers many of its critical functions, from lifting heavy loads to operating attachments. However, like all hydraulic systems, issues can arise, particularly with the charge pressure, which is crucial to the performance of the system. This article explores what charge pressure is, how it affects the Bobcat T190, and how to troubleshoot and address related issues.
What Is Charge Pressure?
Charge pressure refers to the pressure at which fluid is supplied to the hydraulic system to maintain the necessary flow for various operations. In a compact track loader like the Bobcat T190, the charge pressure helps regulate the operation of hydraulic components such as pumps, valves, and cylinders. The charge pressure ensures that hydraulic fluid is properly circulated throughout the system, allowing for smooth operation and consistent power delivery.
A standard charge pressure helps ensure the hydraulic system's efficiency. If the charge pressure is too low or too high, it can lead to performance problems, including a lack of power, erratic movements, or even damage to the hydraulic system.
Common Symptoms of Charge Pressure Issues

1. Loss of Hydraulic Power
   

1. Erratic or Uncontrolled Movements
   

1. Overheating
   

1. Fluid Leaks
   

1. Check the Charge Pressure Setting
   

1. Test the Charge Pressure with a Gauge
   

1. Inspect the Hydraulic Pump and Relief Valve
   

1. Check for Fluid Contamination or Low Levels
   

1. Adjust the Charge Pressure
   

1. Replace the Hydraulic Pump or Relief Valve
   

1. Flush the Hydraulic System
   

1. Replace Worn Seals and Hoses
   

1. Regularly Check Charge Pressure
   

1. Use High-Quality Hydraulic Fluid
   

1. Maintain Hydraulic Filters
   

Quick answer
A Volvo L70G loader experiencing cold-start hydraulic delay and engine stalling during warm operation likely suffers from steering priority valve malfunction or internal hydraulic blockage. Steering input temporarily restores function, suggesting the loader’s hydraulic flow is being misrouted or restricted until the steering circuit is activated.
Volvo L70G background and hydraulic architecture
The Volvo L70G is a mid-sized wheel loader introduced in the early 2010s, part of Volvo Construction Equipment’s G-series lineup. It features:

• A 6-liter Volvo D6H diesel engine
  
• Load-sensing hydraulic system with variable displacement pump
  
• Electrohydraulic controls for boom and bucket
  
• Priority valve for steering circuit
  
• Closed-center hydraulic architecture
  

• Cold-start delay in boom raise and bucket tilt: Functions are sluggish or nonresponsive until the steering wheel is turned repeatedly
  
• Warm-engine stalling during idle: The engine begins to stall unless the steering wheel is moved, which restores operation
  

• Boom and bucket functions may be starved of flow
  
• The pump may remain in low-displacement mode
  
• Steering input may trigger valve movement, restoring flow
  

• Inspect the steering priority valve: Remove and clean spool, check for scoring or debris
  
• Test load-sensing signal pressure: Use a gauge at the pump control port
  
• Check hydraulic filters and screens: Clogged filters can mimic valve failure
  
• Verify pump displacement control: Ensure pump responds to joystick input
  
• Scan for fault codes: Use Volvo’s VCADS or Tech Tool diagnostic software
  

• Use winter-grade hydraulic oil in cold climates to reduce viscosity-related sticking
  
• Replace hydraulic filters annually, especially in high-dust environments
  
• Flush the system after long storage periods
  
• Train operators to avoid prolonged idling without hydraulic engagement
  

The Caterpillar D6C is a robust, mid-sized bulldozer designed for heavy-duty earthmoving and construction projects. First introduced in the 1960s, this model became a workhorse in a wide variety of industries, including mining, agriculture, and general construction. Over the years, as with all heavy equipment, the D6C has undergone wear and tear, with components such as the radiator being vulnerable to damage or degradation.
The radiator plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal temperature of the engine, preventing overheating that could lead to costly damage. When the radiator malfunctions or needs replacement, it's essential to find the right part for the job to keep the machine running efficiently.
Understanding the Importance of the Radiator
The radiator in the D6C serves as part of the cooling system, which is critical for maintaining engine temperature. The system circulates coolant through the engine and the radiator, dissipating heat and maintaining optimal operating conditions. If the radiator is compromised, such as through physical damage or internal corrosion, the engine can overheat, leading to decreased performance or potential engine failure.
In the D6C, the radiator is typically made from aluminum or copper, materials chosen for their heat-dissipating properties and durability. However, over time, these materials can suffer from damage due to exposure to dirt, debris, or corrosion. A damaged or leaking radiator not only hinders the machine’s performance but also poses a safety risk if coolant leaks onto the engine or other components.
Common Issues with the D6C Radiator

1. Leaks and Corrosion
   

1. Clogs and Blockages
   

1. Cooling Fan Malfunctions
   

1. Physical Damage
   

1. Size and Mounting Configuration
   

1. Cooling Capacity
   

1. Material Compatibility
   

1. OEM vs. Aftermarket
   

1. Preparation
   

1. Removing the Old Radiator
   

1. Installing the New Radiator
   

1. Filling the Coolant System
   

1. Testing the System
   

Quick answer
The Champion 100T motor grader listed for sale appears to be a 1985 model located somewhere in Kentucky, though the listing originated from South Carolina. Confusion over its exact location has raised concerns about inspection access and listing authenticity.
Champion road machinery legacy and the 100T series
Champion Road Machinery, founded in Canada in the early 20th century, built its reputation on durable, mid-sized motor graders for municipal and contractor use. The 100T series was introduced in the 1980s as a heavy-duty model designed for road maintenance, grading, and snow removal. It featured:

• A turbocharged diesel engine (often Cummins or Detroit Diesel)
  
• Articulated frame for tight turning radius
  
• Hydraulic blade control with multi-axis adjustment
  
• Enclosed cab with heater and optional air conditioning
  

• Brokered listing: The seller may be a third-party dealer without direct access to the machine
  
• Consignment sale: The grader could be stored at a remote yard or municipal depot
  
• Listing error: Location tags may have been misentered during posting
  
• Scam risk: Lack of transparency could indicate a fraudulent or misrepresented sale
  

• Check the serial plate near the cab door or engine compartment
  
• Compare blade width, tire size, and cab design to known 100T specs
  
• Request maintenance records or prior registration documents
  

• Insist on physical location disclosure before payment or deposit
  
• Request a video walkaround with engine startup and blade movement
  
• Use satellite imagery or local contacts to verify yard or depot existence
  
• Ask for serial number and cross-check with Champion production records
  
• Avoid listings that refuse inspection or offer vague transport arrangements
  

Installing a new SDM (Service Delivery Module) monitor on a John Deere 310J backhoe loader is a vital maintenance task that ensures accurate readings and smooth operation of the machine's systems. However, operators sometimes encounter problems during installation, which can range from communication errors to physical installation issues. This article explores the common problems faced during the SDM monitor installation process and offers practical solutions for addressing them.
Overview of the John Deere 310J
The John Deere 310J is a highly regarded backhoe loader designed for a variety of construction, digging, and landscaping tasks. It is part of the 310 series of backhoe loaders, which are known for their durability, versatility, and advanced technology. The 310J, which was first introduced in the early 2010s, is powered by a 92-horsepower, 4.5-liter diesel engine, and features an array of hydraulic systems and electrical components that help it perform various functions like digging, lifting, and trenching.
The SDM monitor on the 310J serves as a central control unit, managing various equipment functions and providing feedback to the operator on the machine’s status. The monitor interacts with the vehicle’s onboard diagnostics, relaying error codes, system health status, and real-time operating data to the operator for better decision-making and preventive maintenance.
Common Issues During SDM Monitor Installation

1. Wiring and Connector Issues
   

1. Compatibility Issues
   

1. Software and Calibration Problems
   

1. Monitor Not Turning On or Displaying Blank Screen
   

1. Communication Errors Between the Monitor and Other Systems
   

1. Consult the Manual and Manufacturer’s Guidelines
   

1. Use a Diagnostic Tool for Troubleshooting
   

1. Seek Professional Assistance if Necessary
   

Quick answer
A 1973 Case 350 crawler with a 188 diesel engine may fail to start due to air intrusion, fuel starvation, or internal sticking in the Roosa Master injection pump. Even with fuel at the injectors, the metering valve, transfer pump regulator, and return line integrity must be verified to restore proper injection pressure and timing.
Case 350 crawler background and fuel system design
The Case 350 crawler was introduced in the early 1970s as a compact dozer and loader platform for utility and light construction work. Powered by a 188 cubic inch four-cylinder diesel engine, it featured:

• A gravity-fed fuel system
  
• Dual fuel filters
  
• A Roosa Master DB-series injection pump
  
• Mechanical injectors with return lines
  

• Fuel dribbles at injector lines but no ignition
  
• Engine cranks fast with good compression
  
• Fuel cavity inside pump not full during inspection
  
• Bubbles observed during cranking
  
• Metering valve rotates freely
  
• Transfer pump regulator contains steel plug and spring
  

• 2600 PSI injection pressure to open nozzles
  
• Free movement of the metering valve to modulate fuel quantity
  
• Proper operation of the transfer pump regulator to maintain internal pressure
  
• Clear return lines to prevent backpressure
  

• Loosen injector lines at the injectors and crank until clear fuel spurts without bubbles
  
• Inspect the transfer pump regulator for debris or damaged seals
  
• Confirm the stop lever is fully in the run position
  
• Check the fuel bowl and shutoff valve under the tank for blockages
  
• Ensure the fuel tank is at least 90% full to support gravity feed
  

• Pressurize the fuel tank gently with compressed air (5–10 PSI max)
  
• Disconnect the inlet line at the pump and observe fuel flow
  
• Manually fill the pump cavity through the return fitting
  
• Crank with injector lines loose until fuel flows cleanly
  
• Avoid excessive starting fluid—use only minimal amounts during cranking
  

• Vacuum leaks: Cracked rubber lines or hardened grommets can suck air without visible leaks
  
• Fuel filter seal errors: Double gaskets or twisted seals can block flow
  
• Transfer pump piston binding: Internal corrosion may prevent pressure buildup
  
• Incorrect regulator adjustment: Tampering with the spring preload can disrupt fuel delivery
  

When operating heavy equipment, encountering issues that affect performance is not uncommon. A variety of problems, ranging from mechanical failures to environmental factors, can arise unexpectedly, leaving operators uncertain about how to resolve them. This article delves into some of the most frequently faced issues in the heavy equipment industry, focusing on troubleshooting methods and practical solutions.
Understanding the Importance of Regular Maintenance
Routine maintenance is the backbone of any heavy equipment's longevity and optimal performance. Regular servicing, such as oil changes, filter replacements, and hydraulic system checks, can prevent most mechanical failures. Failing to adhere to a proper maintenance schedule often results in more significant, costlier issues down the road.
One of the common problems reported by operators is a loss of power or irregular movement, often attributed to issues within the hydraulic system. This can manifest as slow response times or a lack of lifting power, both of which are signs of inadequate hydraulic fluid levels, contamination, or air in the system. Diagnosing such issues requires checking fluid levels, inspecting hoses for leaks, and verifying the integrity of pumps and valves.
Addressing Electrical Failures
Another common source of trouble for heavy machinery is electrical system failures. From malfunctioning sensors to faulty wiring, electrical problems can disrupt the equipment’s operation. For instance, a broken alternator or battery issues might lead to power loss, while a faulty sensor might cause an engine to shut down unexpectedly. Troubleshooting these electrical issues involves checking the battery, alternator, fuses, and connections for corrosion or loose terminals.
Operators often rely on diagnostic tools to read error codes from the equipment's computer system, which can offer clues about the malfunction's root cause. However, it's important to know that these systems are not foolproof. Sometimes, electrical problems are more complex and may require deeper inspection or consultation with technical experts.
Hydraulic System Problems
The hydraulic system is a vital component of most heavy equipment, responsible for driving key functions such as lifting, steering, and moving heavy loads. When the hydraulic system malfunctions, the equipment can become unusable, making it essential to understand the common issues associated with hydraulics.
Leaks in the hydraulic lines, improper fluid levels, and issues with hydraulic filters can cause a machine’s performance to drop significantly. Furthermore, dirt or debris in the hydraulic fluid can cause clogs, resulting in decreased pressure and slower movement of the machinery. Regular cleaning of the hydraulic system and using the correct fluid type are crucial in avoiding these issues.
Fuel System Failures and Solutions
Fuel-related problems are also widespread in heavy equipment, particularly in machines that rely on diesel engines. Clogged fuel filters, air in the fuel system, or contamination from poor-quality fuel can cause stalling, misfires, or difficulty starting.
A proper fuel filtration system should be maintained to avoid debris entering the fuel injectors. Fuel lines should also be inspected regularly for signs of leaks or cracks. If the fuel system becomes contaminated, flushing the system and replacing the filters is necessary to restore proper function.
Preventing Overheating and Cooling System Issues
Overheating is a problem that can bring equipment to a complete halt. This issue often occurs due to a malfunction in the cooling system, such as a clogged radiator, a broken thermostat, or insufficient coolant levels. Overheating can damage the engine, leading to costly repairs or even engine failure.
To avoid this, regularly checking coolant levels and inspecting the radiator for debris buildup is essential. Ensuring the water pump and cooling fans are working properly can also help maintain the engine at an optimal temperature.
Common Hydraulic Drive Motor Failures
Heavy equipment such as skid steers, backhoes, and excavators are often powered by hydraulic drive motors. When these motors fail, operators may experience issues like irregular speed, loss of power, or jerky movements. These issues are usually caused by problems with the hydraulic fluid, such as contamination, low fluid levels, or air in the system.
Operators should pay attention to unusual noises, such as whining or grinding sounds, as these can indicate an issue with the hydraulic motor. In some cases, failure to address these symptoms promptly can result in total motor failure, which is costly and time-consuming to repair.
Addressing Transmission Issues
Transmission problems are also common in heavy machinery, often resulting from lack of fluid, poor fluid quality, or excessive wear. A vehicle's transmission may fail to shift gears correctly or may slip in and out of gear during operation. Such issues can be caused by worn-out components like seals, bearings, and clutch plates.
The first step in diagnosing transmission issues is checking the transmission fluid for proper levels and condition. If the fluid is discolored or has a burnt smell, it’s time for a change. Regular fluid changes can prevent many transmission issues and extend the lifespan of the machine.
Wear and Tear of Tracks and Undercarriage Components
Track-driven heavy equipment like excavators, bulldozers, and skid steers are particularly vulnerable to wear and tear in the undercarriage. Frequent exposure to rough terrains, extreme weather conditions, and heavy usage can lead to the wear of critical components like track pads, sprockets, and rollers.
Undercarriage maintenance is essential for preventing costly repairs. Regular inspections should be conducted to check for signs of excessive wear or damage. Operators should also ensure proper track tension and alignment to minimize unnecessary strain on the system.
Conclusion: Proactive Measures and Solutions
Preventative maintenance and regular inspections are critical for keeping heavy equipment in top working condition. By addressing small issues early and ensuring all systems are functioning optimally, operators can reduce downtime and extend the lifespan of their equipment. Regularly servicing key components like hydraulics, transmission, and fuel systems can save businesses significant amounts of money in repairs and lost productivity.
For operators, understanding the common mechanical failures and being able to troubleshoot them efficiently is essential. As technology advances, so do the diagnostic tools available to help pinpoint the problem areas. In the end, staying proactive and informed is the best way to avoid major setbacks and ensure that heavy equipment continues to perform at its best.

Quick answer
The pump housing likely cracked due to excessive pressure buildup caused by a missing or misconfigured relief valve, deadheading of a fixed-displacement pump, or incorrect hose routing that blocked flow. Even new pumps can fail catastrophically if system pressure exceeds design limits.
P&H 18 crane background and hydraulic configuration
The P&H 18 is a mid-sized hydraulic crane produced by P&H Harnischfeger, a company with deep roots in American lifting equipment dating back to the early 20th century. These cranes typically use fixed-displacement gear or vane pumps to power swing, steering, and outrigger functions. The hydraulic system includes:

• A fixed-displacement pump driven by the engine
  
• Directional control valves for swing and outrigger extension
  
• Pressure relief valves to protect components
  
• Return lines and tank circuits
  

• Missing or misadjusted relief valve: Without a properly set relief valve between the pump and control valves, pressure has nowhere to go when flow is blocked.
  
• Deadheaded pump: If the control valve was closed or a port was plugged, the pump would build pressure until failure.
  
• Incorrect hose routing: A return line connected to a pressure port or a blocked outlet can trap flow.
  
• Overcompensation from prior leaks: If the old pump was leaking, someone may have increased relief pressure to compensate, leaving the new pump vulnerable.
  

• Install a relief valve rated for the pump’s maximum pressure, typically 2,500–3,000 PSI
  
• Verify valve orientation and flow direction
  
• Check for plugged ports or incorrect fittings
  
• Inspect control valve spools for sticking or misalignment
  

• Always verify relief valve presence and setting before startup
  
• Use pressure gauges during initial testing
  
• Avoid deadheading fixed-displacement pumps
  
• Label hoses and ports during disassembly to prevent misrouting
  

Quick answer
A mechanical 8.3L Cummins that starts, runs briefly, and then dies is likely suffering from fuel starvation due to a failed lift pump, clogged internal check valves, or a blocked filter head screen. Even with fresh fuel and a replaced overflow valve, the system may lose prime if suction is restricted or air is entering the lines.
Engine background and fuel system layout
The Cummins 8.3L mechanical diesel engine, widely used in trucks and heavy equipment throughout the 1990s, features a Bosch inline injection pump fed by a mechanical lift pump. The system includes:

• A fuel tank with supply and return lines
  
• A mechanical lift pump with a hand primer
  
• A filter head with internal check valves and screens
  
• An injection pump with overflow valve and banjo fittings
  

• Remove the lift pump and inspect the check valves
  
• Blow air from inlet to outlet to test valve function
  
• Replace the pump or rebuild using a Cummins kit if available
  
• Verify that the pushbutton primer operates smoothly
  

• Remove the filter head and disassemble completely
  
• Clean the screen and replace any dry-rotted o-rings
  
• Check for missing or damaged internal components
  
• Replace the filter and verify fuel flow during priming
  

• 5–15 PSI at idle
  
• 20–30 PSI under load
  

The undercarriage of a Komatsu PC60-6, or any crawler excavator for that matter, is a critical component that ensures stability, mobility, and performance in tough working conditions. Over time, the undercarriage components—such as the track, rollers, sprockets, and idlers—wear down due to constant stress from the machinery's movements on rugged terrain. When these parts degrade, they can lead to costly repairs and even equipment failure if not properly addressed. This article walks through the steps and considerations necessary for a successful undercarriage rebuild on a Komatsu PC60-6.
Understanding the Importance of the Undercarriage
The undercarriage on a Komatsu PC60-6 is made up of several key components: tracks, track rollers, idlers, sprockets, and the final drive. Together, these parts work to support the weight of the machine, enable smooth movement, and ensure traction on a variety of surfaces. The undercarriage is constantly exposed to harsh working environments, which accelerates wear and tear.
As one of the most expensive components of an excavator, the undercarriage requires proper maintenance to extend its life. While individual parts can be replaced, a full rebuild may be necessary when the wear is too extensive or when frequent repairs are no longer cost-effective.
Signs of Undercarriage Wear
Before diving into a rebuild, it’s essential to understand when the undercarriage is too worn and requires a complete overhaul. Common signs of wear include:

1. Uneven Track Wear: If the tracks appear unevenly worn, it could indicate that certain components like the track rollers or idlers are damaged or misaligned.
   
2. Excessive Noise or Vibration: Unusual sounds or vibrations during operation often point to worn rollers, sprockets, or other undercarriage components.
   
3. Loose or Worn-Out Tracks: If the tracks feel loose or have too much slack, it may mean that the track tensioners or rollers are failing.
   
4. Frequent Downtime: Constant breakdowns and repairs related to undercarriage components are clear signs that a rebuild is due.
   

1. Tracks
   The tracks are the most visible and essential part of the undercarriage. Over time, the track links wear down and can become stretched or damaged. If the tracks are worn beyond repair, they must be replaced entirely. Proper tensioning of the tracks is crucial for preventing excessive wear on the other components.
   
2. Track Rollers
   Track rollers are responsible for supporting the weight of the machine and guiding the tracks. They are subject to constant wear, especially when the excavator operates in rough or abrasive conditions. Worn-out rollers can lead to the tracks slipping or uneven wear, necessitating their replacement.
   
3. Sprockets
   The sprockets engage with the track links to provide motion. Over time, the teeth of the sprockets can wear down, leading to poor track engagement and reduced traction. Replacing the sprockets when they show significant wear is essential for maintaining smooth and efficient operation.
   
4. Idlers
   Idlers are located at the front of the track system and help guide the track as it moves. Worn or damaged idlers can cause misalignment, making the tracks track unevenly. Replacing idlers ensures proper track alignment and smooth operation.
   
5. Track Shoes
   The track shoes are the parts that actually make contact with the ground, providing traction. When the shoes are worn down, they need to be replaced to maintain the machine’s grip and mobility on various surfaces.
   
6. Final Drive
   The final drive is the last stage of the powertrain, transferring the engine’s power to the tracks. If the final drive is damaged or shows signs of leaking, it must be addressed immediately, as this can lead to a complete loss of traction.
   

1. Assessing the Condition
   Before starting the rebuild, inspect the entire undercarriage to assess which components need replacement. This involves checking for signs of wear, cracks, and damage to the tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers. Regular maintenance or a professional technician can help determine the severity of the wear.
   
2. Disassembly
   Once the condition of the parts has been assessed, the next step is disassembling the undercarriage. This includes removing the tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers. Depending on the level of wear, it may also involve removing the track frame or other associated parts.
   
3. Cleaning and Inspection
   After disassembly, thoroughly clean all components to remove dirt, debris, and grease. This helps ensure that any remaining wear or damage can be identified. It's also an opportunity to inspect the final drive and other critical parts for any issues that need attention.
   
4. Replacing Worn Components
   Replace all worn-out or damaged components, including the tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers. Depending on the level of wear, the track frame might also need to be replaced or repaired.
   
5. Reassembly and Calibration
   Once all new parts are installed, the undercarriage is reassembled. This includes properly tensioning the tracks and adjusting all components for optimal operation. Calibration is essential to ensure that everything is aligned correctly and that the system operates efficiently.
   
6. Testing and Fine-Tuning
   After reassembly, test the machine to ensure smooth operation. This may include checking the track alignment, the operation of the rollers, and the overall stability of the undercarriage. If there are any signs of malfunction or misalignment, further adjustments may be needed.
   

• Labor Costs: Rebuilding the undercarriage is labor-intensive, and depending on your location and the service provider, labor costs can add up quickly.
  
• Parts Costs: High-quality replacement parts, including tracks, rollers, sprockets, and idlers, are crucial for ensuring long-lasting performance. It’s essential to choose parts that match the specifications of the Komatsu PC60-6 for proper functionality.
  
• Downtime: While the rebuild is being performed, your equipment will be out of operation. Depending on the scale of the rebuild, this can range from several days to a few weeks, depending on your maintenance schedule.
  

1. Regular Inspection: Conduct regular visual inspections of the tracks, rollers, and other components to catch signs of wear early. Identifying issues before they become major problems can save money in the long run.
   
2. Proper Track Tensioning: Ensure the tracks are properly tensioned to avoid unnecessary strain on the rollers and sprockets.
   
3. Lubrication: Keeping the undercarriage components properly lubricated will minimize friction and reduce wear.
   
4. Avoid Overloading: Overloading the machine puts extra strain on the undercarriage, accelerating wear and tear. Always operate within the manufacturer’s recommended load limits.