Quick summary
The JD319D compact track loader may experience hydraulic lockout due to joystick misalignment, solenoid failure, or unresolved error codes. Resolving these issues involves mechanical inspection, electrical diagnostics, and system resets.
Machine background and production history
The John Deere JD319D is part of the D-series compact track loaders introduced in the early 2010s, designed for high maneuverability in confined job sites. With an operating weight of approximately 3,600 kg and a rated operating capacity of 870 kg, the JD319D was built for landscaping, construction, and agricultural tasks. John Deere, founded in 1837, has consistently ranked among the top global manufacturers of agricultural and construction equipment. The D-series saw strong adoption in North America, with thousands of units sold annually during its peak production years.
Hydraulic lockout symptoms and user experience
Operators have reported intermittent hydraulic lockout where the engine runs normally, but the machine fails to respond to joystick inputs or release the parking brake. A distinct “click” sound—typically heard when the hydraulic system engages—is absent. The display may show multiple warnings including:

• Right joystick not centered
  
• Enable hydraulics
  
• Release parking brake
  

• Joystick misalignment: Wear or play in the right joystick may prevent it from registering as “neutral,” blocking the parking brake release logic. Slight manual adjustment—nudging the joystick in all directions—can sometimes re-center the signal.
  
• Solenoid failure: A hydraulic solenoid located beneath the operator’s feet may fail to actuate due to electrical faults or mechanical blockage. This solenoid controls the hydraulic enable function and is critical to system engagement.
  
• Uncleared error codes: The onboard monitor retains active and stored fault codes. If these are not cleared, the system may remain in a locked state even after mechanical issues are resolved.
  

• Navigate to Codes
  
• Select Active and Stored codes
  
• Clear all codes
  
• Attempt to restart and re-engage hydraulics
  

• Inspecting the joystick potentiometer for wear
  
• Testing voltage at the hydraulic solenoid
  
• Checking for hydraulic leaks or air bubbles introduced during recent repairs
  

• Perform joystick calibration every 500 hours
  
• Inspect solenoid connectors for corrosion monthly
  
• Clear fault codes after any hydraulic service
  
• Use OEM-grade hydraulic fluid and bleed the system thoroughly after repairs
  

Overview of the CAT 951B Crawler Loader
The Caterpillar 951B is a legendary crawler loader produced by Caterpillar in the late 1960s. Known for its solid performance in tough conditions, the 951B was a popular choice in construction and mining applications. It was powered by a robust 6-cylinder engine and was a part of the Caterpillar’s medium-duty track loader series. The 951B became a staple in the industry due to its versatility, reliability, and relatively compact size compared to larger equipment.
Over the years, the 951B has been used for digging, lifting, and material handling tasks. However, like all machines of its age, regular maintenance, including valve adjustments, is necessary to keep the engine running smoothly and efficiently. This article will delve into the procedure for adjusting the engine valves of a 1969 CAT 951B, highlighting key considerations and providing practical tips.
Why Valve Adjustment is Necessary
The engine valves in any machine, including the CAT 951B, play a crucial role in regulating the intake and exhaust of gases in the engine. Over time, these valves can wear and become misaligned due to the constant pressure and heat in the engine. Misadjusted valves can lead to:

• Poor engine performance: Valves that do not open or close at the correct times can cause a loss of power and efficiency.
  
• Increased fuel consumption: Improper valve clearance can disrupt the combustion process, resulting in incomplete burning of fuel.
  
• Engine damage: Over time, excessive wear on valves can cause them to become damaged, leading to more costly repairs.
  

• Torque wrench
  
• Feeler gauge set
  
• Screwdriver or wrench to remove valve cover
  
• Socket set
  
• Engine manual for specific valve clearance measurements
  

1. Preparation:
   • Ensure the engine is cool before starting the procedure to avoid burns and ensure accurate measurements. The valve clearance changes when the engine is hot.
     
   • Disconnect the battery to avoid any accidental electrical mishaps while working near the engine.
     
2. Remove Valve Covers:
   • Use a wrench or screwdriver to remove the bolts securing the valve cover. This will expose the valves and rocker arms.
     
3. Position the Engine:
   • Rotate the engine to the top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke of the cylinder you are working on. TDC is when both the intake and exhaust valves are fully closed. This ensures that the rocker arms are at their highest point and ready for measurement.
     
   • To rotate the engine, you can use a socket wrench on the crankshaft pulley.
     
4. Measure Valve Clearance:
   • Using a feeler gauge, measure the gap between the valve stem and rocker arm. The correct valve clearance is specified in the engine manual. Typically, valve clearance for Caterpillar engines is between 0.010” and 0.020”.
     
   • Insert the feeler gauge into the gap, ensuring that the gauge can slide with slight resistance. If it is too tight or too loose, the valve clearance is incorrect.
     
5. Adjust Valve Clearance:
   • If the clearance is not correct, use a wrench to adjust the rocker arm nut or valve tappet screw. Tighten or loosen the nut until the correct clearance is achieved.
     
   • It is essential to make adjustments to both the intake and exhaust valves on each cylinder. Repeat the measurement for each valve.
     
6. Recheck Clearances:
   • Once all valves are adjusted, recheck the clearances with the feeler gauge to ensure consistency. Double-check the torque on any nuts that were adjusted during the process.
     
7. Reassemble the Engine:
   • After the valve clearances are adjusted and verified, replace the valve cover, ensuring a proper seal to avoid oil leaks.
     
   • Reconnect the battery and check the engine’s operation. Listen for any abnormal sounds, such as ticking or knocking, which could indicate that the valve adjustment was not properly performed.
     
8. Test the Engine:
   • Start the engine and let it run for a few minutes. Listen for smooth operation and check for signs of poor performance, such as rough idling or misfiring. A successful valve adjustment should lead to a quieter and more efficient engine.
     

1. Regular Valve Adjustments:
   Regular valve adjustments are part of the routine maintenance of any older machine like the CAT 951B. It’s generally recommended to check the valve clearance every 500 to 1,000 hours of operation, depending on usage and manufacturer guidelines.
   
2. Listen for Abnormal Sounds:
   If the engine begins to make unusual noises after an adjustment, such as ticking or grinding, it may indicate that the valve clearance is too tight or too loose. This can lead to engine damage if not addressed promptly.
   
3. Keep the Engine Clean:
   Keep the engine and valve areas free of debris and dirt to prevent contamination during the adjustment process. Dirt or particles can cause the valves to wear prematurely or disrupt the engine’s performance.
   

The TD-20B and Its Historical Role in Earthmoving
The International Harvester TD-20B crawler dozer was introduced in the late 1960s as part of IH’s push into mid-to-heavy class earthmoving equipment. With an operating weight of approximately 20 tons and powered by the DT-429 diesel engine, the TD-20B was designed for grading, ripping, and bulk material movement in construction and mining. International Harvester, founded in 1902, had a long legacy in agricultural and industrial machinery, and the TD-20 series became a workhorse in North America and overseas markets.
The DT-429 engine is a turbocharged inline-six diesel known for its torque output and mechanical simplicity. It was used in several IH machines, including dozers, loaders, and agricultural tractors. The engine’s overhead valve design includes individual push rods that actuate the rocker arms, controlling intake and exhaust valve timing.
Push Rod Identification and Replacement Challenges
One common issue with aging DT-429 engines is push rod wear or bending, often caused by valve sticking, improper valve lash adjustment, or foreign object intrusion. When a push rod fails, the engine may misfire, lose compression in one cylinder, or produce abnormal valve train noise.
Operators seeking to replace a push rod must first identify the correct part number. This can be challenging due to:

• Discontinued parts catalogs
  
• Multiple engine variants with different rod lengths
  
• Confusion between DT-429 and DT-466 components
  

• Removing the valve cover
  
• Rotating the engine to TDC for the affected cylinder
  
• Loosening the rocker arm assembly
  
• Extracting the damaged push rod
  
• Inspecting the tappet and rocker arm for wear
  
• Installing a new rod and adjusting valve lash
  

• Perform valve lash adjustments every 500 hours
  
• Use high-quality diesel fuel and maintain injector cleanliness
  
• Replace valve springs and retainers during major overhauls
  
• Avoid over-revving the engine under load
  

• Aftermarket suppliers specializing in vintage IH equipment
  
• Salvage yards with donor engines
  
• Custom machine shops that fabricate push rods to spec
  

• Engine model (DT-429)
  
• Rod length and diameter
  
• Tip style (ball or cup)
  
• Application (dozer, loader, tractor)
  

Introduction
Backhoe buckets are essential attachments for various construction and excavation tasks. Over time, operators may find the need to modify these buckets to improve their functionality, adapt to specific tasks, or extend their lifespan. Modifying a backhoe bucket can be a cost-effective solution compared to purchasing new equipment. This article explores common modifications, materials, and techniques to enhance backhoe bucket performance.
Common Bucket Modifications

1. Sharpening and Adding Serrations
   

1. Welding a D-Ring for Rigging
   

1. Reinforcing with Hardox Steel
   

• Hardox Steel: A high-strength, wear-resistant steel ideal for high-impact and abrasive environments.
  
• Welding Rods: Use appropriate welding rods for the material being welded. For instance, 7018 rods are commonly used for general-purpose welding.
  
• Cutting Tools: Plasma cutters or oxy-acetylene torches are effective for cutting steel. Ensure proper safety measures are in place when using these tools.
  

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety glasses, and welding helmets.
  
• Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation when welding or cutting to avoid inhaling harmful fumes.
  
• Fire Safety: Keep a fire extinguisher nearby when performing hot work, as sparks can ignite nearby materials.
  

The Simon 32 and Its Off-Road Capabilities
The Simon 32' all-terrain scissor lift was designed in the mid-1990s to meet the growing demand for elevated work platforms capable of operating on uneven terrain. Built with a robust steel chassis, large flotation tires, and a Wisconsin 4-cylinder gasoline engine, the Simon 32 offered contractors a mobile solution for exterior building maintenance, steel erection, and signage installation. Its 32-foot platform height and wide stance made it suitable for rough sites where conventional slab lifts would fail.
Simon Access Equipment, once a respected name in aerial work platforms, was eventually absorbed into other brands, and parts support became limited. However, many units remain in service, especially in rental fleets and small contractor yards.
Symptoms of Sluggish Control Response
Operators have reported delayed or inconsistent control response in steering and drive functions. Specifically:

• Steering left or right requires holding the joystick for several seconds before movement begins
  
• Forward and reverse functions work intermittently, often requiring simultaneous steering input to trigger motion
  
• Controls behave normally when connected to jumper cables or a battery charger
  

• Checking battery voltage under load: A deep cycle battery may hold 13.8V at rest but drop below 11V during operation
  
• Inspecting ground connections: Corroded or loose grounds can cause voltage drop across the control circuit
  
• Tracing battery cable routing: Look for frayed insulation, poor crimps, or undersized wire
  
• Testing solenoid activation voltage: Use a multimeter to confirm that each solenoid receives full voltage when commanded
  

• Replace hydraulic fluid annually
  
• Use manufacturer-recommended viscosity
  
• Inspect filters and screens for debris
  

• Install a high-capacity starting battery with at least 800 CCA
  
• Replace all ground cables and battery terminals
  
• Clean and tighten solenoid and relay connections
  
• Upgrade wiring to 10 AWG or larger for main power feeds
  
• Test joystick output and replace if voltage is inconsistent
  

Introduction
The Volvo PF6110, part of the 6000 Series of tracked pavers, was introduced to the market in the mid-2000s and continued production until 2014. Designed for highway-class applications, it was engineered to deliver high performance, reliability, and ease of maintenance. This article delves into the specifications, maintenance practices, and common troubleshooting procedures for the PF6110, providing operators and technicians with comprehensive insights.
Key Specifications

• Operating Weight: Approximately 47,000 lbs (21.3 metric tons)
  
• Transport Dimensions:
  • Length: 17 ft 5 in (5.3 m)
    
  • Width: 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)
    
  • Height: 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
    
• Engine:
  • Model: Cummins QSB6.7
    
  • Power Output: 205 hp (153 kW)
    
  • Compliance: Tier III emissions standard
    
• Hopper Capacity: 14.4 tons (13.1 metric tons)
  
• Paving Width: Standard: 10 ft (3.05 m); Maximum: 26 ft (7.92 m)
  
• Paving Speed: Up to 246 ft/min (74.9 m/min)
  
• Travel Speed: Up to 10 mph (16.1 km/h)
  
• Screed:
  • Type: Extending, heated
    
  • Control: Electronic
    
• Undercarriage:
  • Design: Heavy-duty with tandem bogie suspension
    
  • Features: Independent auger and conveyor systems with automatic tensioning
    

1. Daily Inspections:
   • Check fluid levels (engine oil, hydraulic oil, coolant)
     
   • Inspect for leaks or visible damage
     
   • Ensure all safety features are functional
     
2. Lubrication:
   • Grease all pivot points and moving parts as per the manufacturer's recommendations
     
   • Use high-quality lubricants to prevent wear and corrosion
     
3. Hydraulic System:
   • Regularly inspect hoses and connections for signs of wear or leaks
     
   • Replace filters and fluid at recommended intervals
     
4. Engine Maintenance:
   • Replace air and fuel filters as needed
     
   • Monitor exhaust system for any blockages or damage
     
   • Ensure proper operation of the cooling system
     
5. Screed Maintenance:
   • Check for uniform heating and leveling
     
   • Inspect for wear or damage to screed plates and augers
     
   • Calibrate electronic controls periodically
     

1. Travel Function Failure:
   • Symptoms: Machine operates for a short period, then travel functions cease until components cool down
     
   • Possible Causes:
     • Overheating of hydraulic components
       
     • Faulty sensors or wiring harnesses
       
     • Issues with the control module
       
   • Suggested Actions:
     • Inspect and clean hydraulic components
       
     • Check and replace faulty sensors or wiring
       
     • Diagnose and reset control modules as per service manual instructions
       
2. Uneven Paving Surface:
   • Symptoms: Inconsistent mat thickness or surface irregularities
     
   • Possible Causes:
     • Incorrect screed settings
       
     • Worn or damaged screed components
       
     • Inconsistent material feed
       
   • Suggested Actions:
     • Calibrate screed controls
       
     • Inspect and replace worn parts
       
     • Ensure uniform material distribution
       
3. Engine Performance Issues:
   • Symptoms: Reduced power, stalling, or erratic operation
     
   • Possible Causes:
     • Clogged air or fuel filters
       
     • Fuel quality issues
       
     • Faulty sensors or control modules
       
   • Suggested Actions:
     • Replace filters as needed
       
     • Use high-quality fuel and additives
       
     • Diagnose and reset engine control modules
       

• Load Charts: Familiarize operators with load limits at various paving widths and thicknesses
  
• Safety Protocols: Ensure operators are trained in emergency shutdown procedures and safe operating practices
  
• Regular Drills: Conduct periodic safety drills to reinforce proper responses to potential hazards
  

The Origins and Design of Frantz Filters
Frantz oil filters were first introduced in the 1950s as a bypass filtration system designed to remove microscopic contaminants from engine oil. Unlike full-flow filters that clean all oil passing through the engine, Frantz filters divert a small portion of oil through a dense cellulose medium—originally rolls of toilet paper—before returning it to the sump. This partial-flow method allows for finer filtration without restricting oil pressure or flow.
The concept gained popularity among long-haul truckers and fleet operators who valued extended oil life and reduced engine wear. Frantz filters were often installed as aftermarket kits and became known for their simplicity, low operating cost, and unconventional media.
How the System Works
The Frantz filter operates by tapping into the engine’s pressurized oil system. A small stream of oil is routed through the filter housing, where it passes through a tightly wound roll of cellulose. The filtered oil then drips back into the oil pan via a metered orifice. This slow, continuous process removes fine particles that standard spin-on filters may miss.
Key features include:

• Bypass filtration: Only a fraction of oil is filtered at a time
  
• Cellulose media: Originally toilet paper, now proprietary rolls
  
• Low restriction: No impact on engine oil pressure
  
• Extended oil cleanliness: Reduces sludge and varnish formation
  

• Luberfiner: Common on diesel trucks, uses large canisters and replaceable elements
  
• Fram F3P and C3P: Vintage bypass units with proprietary cartridges
  
• Stauff filters: Industrial-grade cellulose systems used in hydraulic applications
  

• Tap into the engine’s pressurized oil line using a T-fitting
  
• Mount the filter housing securely away from heat sources
  
• Route the return line to the oil pan or valve cover
  
• Use Frantz-approved filter rolls, not commercial toilet paper
  

• Changing the cellulose roll every 2–3 months
  
• Inspecting hoses and fittings for leaks
  
• Monitoring oil color and viscosity
  

Introduction
The JLG 8044 telehandler, part of the SkyTrak series, is a robust piece of equipment designed for heavy-duty lifting and material handling tasks on construction sites. With its impressive specifications and versatile capabilities, it has become a preferred choice for many operators. However, like all machinery, it requires regular maintenance and occasional troubleshooting to ensure optimal performance.
Key Specifications

• Maximum Lift Capacity: 8,000 lbs (3,629 kg)
  
• Maximum Lift Height: 42 ft 4 in (12.9 m)
  
• Maximum Forward Reach: 29 ft 6 in (9.0 m)
  
• Load at Maximum Height: 6,000 lbs (2,722 kg)
  
• Load at Maximum Reach: 1,600 lbs (726 kg)
  
• Operating Weight: Approximately 21,200 lbs (9,615 kg)
  
• Engine: Cummins QSF3.8L Tier 4 Final, 110 hp (82 kW)
  
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 35 gallons (132 liters)
  
• Top Travel Speed: 15 mph (24.1 km/h)
  
• Frame Leveling: 10 degrees
  

1. Daily Inspections: Before operation, check fluid levels (engine oil, hydraulic oil, coolant), inspect tires for wear, and ensure all lights and safety features are functional.
   
2. Lubrication: Grease all pivot points and moving parts as per the manufacturer's recommendations to reduce wear and prevent corrosion.
   
3. Hydraulic System Checks: Regularly inspect hydraulic hoses for leaks or wear. Ensure that hydraulic fluid is clean and at the proper level.
   
4. Air Filter Maintenance: Clean or replace air filters as needed to ensure optimal engine performance and fuel efficiency.
   
5. Battery Care: Inspect battery terminals for corrosion and ensure they are tightly connected.
   

• Battery Drain: If the battery is not holding a charge, inspect the alternator and charging system for faults.
  
• Faulty Ignition Switch: A malfunctioning ignition switch can prevent the engine from starting. Test the switch and replace if necessary.
  
• Electrical Connections: Loose or corroded connections can disrupt the starting circuit. Clean and tighten all relevant connections.
  
• Fuses and Relays: Check for blown fuses or faulty relays in the starting circuit and replace as needed.
  

• Load Charts: Understand the machine's lifting capacities at various heights and reaches to prevent overloading.
  
• Stability: Always operate on stable ground and avoid sudden movements that could cause tipping.
  
• Attachment Usage: Ensure that attachments are securely mounted and suitable for the task at hand.
  
• Emergency Procedures: Be trained in emergency shutdown procedures and know how to respond to equipment malfunctions.
  

Transitioning from Gravel Operations to Demolition
Expanding from a gravel business into demolition work is a natural progression for operators familiar with excavation, material handling, and site grading. The skill overlap is significant, but demolition introduces new challenges—structural unpredictability, debris management, and safety-critical planning. For an owner with a CAT 312 excavator equipped with a thumb, a Volvo L90 loader, and access to multiple larger loaders and a Dresser TD15 dozer, the foundation is already strong for small-scale demolition.
The CAT 312, a 14-ton class excavator, is well-suited for residential and light commercial tear-downs. Its thumb attachment allows for material sorting and handling, while the Volvo L90 can assist with debris relocation and loading. Larger loaders may be less maneuverable on tight sites but can be useful for bulk cleanup in open areas.
Essential Equipment for Entry-Level Demolition
To begin residential and small commercial demolition, the following equipment setup is recommended:

• Mid-size excavator with thumb: For structure teardown and debris handling
  
• Skid steer or compact track loader: For final cleanup and grading
  
• Hydraulic breaker or shear: Optional for concrete and steel separation
  
• Roll-off containers or dump trucks: For debris hauling
  
• Dust suppression system: Water tanks or hoses to control airborne particles
  

• Conduct pre-demolition inspections for structural integrity
  
• Disconnect all utilities before work begins
  
• Use spotters and flaggers during teardown
  
• Wear PPE including hard hats, eye protection, and respirators
  

• Whether to implode or mechanically dismantle tall buildings
  
• How to separate rebar from concrete efficiently
  
• Choosing between roll-offs and end dumps
  
• Timing shear blade replacements and equipment upgrades
  

• Start with residential projects and build experience gradually
  
• Use existing equipment wisely and add attachments as needed
  
• Partner with experienced operators for initial jobs
  
• Track disposal costs and optimize hauling logistics
  
• Document each project for training and marketing
  

Introduction
The Caterpillar D4E track-type tractor, introduced in the 1970s, has been a reliable workhorse in various industries. However, like all heavy machinery, it requires regular maintenance to ensure longevity and optimal performance. One critical maintenance task is flushing the final drives, especially when contaminants like water or sludge compromise the oil's integrity. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to effectively flush the final drives of the D4E, incorporating industry best practices and expert recommendations.
Understanding the Final Drive System
The final drive system in the D4E consists of several key components:

• Final Drive Gearbox: Houses the gears that transfer power from the transmission to the tracks.
  
• Planetary Gears: Distribute the rotational force to the final sprockets.
  
• Seals and Bearings: Prevent contaminants from entering and ensure smooth operation.
  
• Breathers: Allow for pressure equalization within the final drive housing.
  

1. Preparation
   • Safety First: Ensure the machine is on a stable, level surface. Engage the parking brake and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
     
   • Drain Existing Oil: Remove the drain plugs from both final drives and allow the oil to drain completely. Dispose of the used oil responsibly.
     
2. Flushing Agent Selection
   • Diesel Fuel: Commonly used for flushing due to its ability to dissolve sludge and contaminants. It's readily available and cost-effective.
     
   • Hydraulic Oil: An alternative to diesel, especially if the final drive holds a significant amount of oil. Some operators prefer hydraulic oil for its lubricating properties during the flushing process.
     
   • Kerosene: Occasionally used but less common due to its volatility and potential environmental concerns.
     
   • Note: Always consult the machine's service manual or a qualified technician to determine the most suitable flushing agent.
     
3. Flushing Process
   • Fill with Flushing Agent: Pour the selected flushing agent into the final drive housing until it's at the recommended level.
     
   • Operate the Machine: Drive the tractor forward and backward for a short distance in top gear without load. This action helps agitate and dislodge contaminants from the internal components.
     
   • Drain the Flushing Agent: After operating, promptly drain the flushing agent while it's still warm to ensure effective removal of contaminants.
     
4. Repeat if Necessary
   • Visual Inspection: Check the drained fluid for clarity. If it appears dirty or contains debris, repeat the flushing process until the fluid runs clear.
     
   • Final Drain: Once satisfied with the flushing, perform a final drain to remove any residual flushing agent.
     
5. Refill with Fresh Oil
   • Oil Selection: Use the manufacturer's recommended oil type and grade for the final drives.
     
   • Filling: Fill the final drive housing to the appropriate level, as specified in the service manual.
     
   • Check for Leaks: Inspect the seals and plugs for any signs of leakage.
     

• Regular Inspections: Periodically check the final drive oil level and condition. Early detection of issues can prevent major repairs.
  
• Seal Maintenance: Inspect seals and breather valves for wear or damage. Replace them as necessary to prevent contamination ingress.
  
• Oil Analysis: Consider using oil analysis services to monitor the condition of the oil and detect potential problems early.