Evaluating the 48x48 LeTourneau Towed Sheepfoot Roller for High-Plastic Clay Compaction

[MikePhua]

Quick Summary
The 48x48 LeTourneau towed sheepfoot roller is a legacy compaction tool designed for deep, cohesive soils. When used in high-plastic clays, it delivers excellent kneading action, but requires substantial pulling power and careful comparison with modern self-propelled units like the CAT 815F.
LeTourneau Compaction Equipment History
LeTourneau, founded by R.G. LeTourneau in the early 20th century, pioneered earthmoving and compaction technology. Their towed sheepfoot rollers were widely used in highway construction, dam building, and military airfield preparation from the 1940s through the 1970s. The 48x48 model refers to a drum diameter and width of 48 inches, with welded feet designed to penetrate and knead cohesive soils.
These rollers were typically pulled by crawler tractors or large wheeled dozers, relying on weight and foot pressure to achieve density. Though no longer manufactured, many units remain in service across North America, especially in rural and municipal fleets.
Sheepfoot Roller Function and Soil Suitability
Sheepfoot rollers compact soil through static weight and dynamic kneading. The protruding feet press into the soil, displacing moisture and air while shearing clay particles. This method is ideal for:

• High-plastic clays
  The roller excels in sticky, moisture-retentive soils where vibratory rollers struggle.
  
• Deep fill layers
  Multiple passes allow gradual densification from the bottom up.
  
• Subgrade preparation
  Especially effective before placing aggregate base or concrete.
  

Horsepower Requirements and Towing Considerations
Pulling a 48x48 sheepfoot roller requires:

• Minimum 150–200 HP for moderate slopes and dry conditions
  
• 250+ HP for wet clay, inclines, or extended shifts
  
• Crawler dozers preferred for traction and drawbar pull
  

Operators should consider:

• Drawbar rating of the towing machine
  
• Soil resistance and rolling resistance
  
• Speed control to avoid bouncing or uneven compaction
  

A CAT D6T or equivalent is often sufficient, though older LeTourneau rollers were pulled by even larger tractors like the D8 or Allis-Chalmers HD21.
Comparison with CAT 815F Compactor
The CAT 815F is a modern self-propelled compactor with tamping feet and onboard vibration. Key differences include:

• Mobility: The 815F offers better maneuverability and reverse capability.
  
• Compaction control: Vibration and weight adjustment allow fine-tuning.
  
• Fuel efficiency: Integrated systems reduce idle time and fuel burn.
  
• Operator comfort: Enclosed cab, HVAC, and ergonomic controls.
  

However, the LeTourneau roller still holds value in:

• Cost: No engine, transmission, or electronics to maintain.
  
• Durability: Heavy steel construction with minimal wear points.
  
• Simplicity: Easy to repair, weld, and modify.
  

Field Anecdote
In East Texas, a contractor used a 48x48 LeTourneau roller to compact a 12-acre pad for a warehouse. Pulled by a rebuilt CAT 955L, the roller delivered consistent density in high-plastic clay after 6 passes. Moisture content was managed with a water truck, and the roller’s feet were cleaned daily to prevent buildup. The contractor noted that while slower than a CAT 815F, the roller’s simplicity and effectiveness made it ideal for large, open sites.
Maintenance and Operational Tips

• Inspect drum bearings and axle mounts before each use
  
• Grease all pivot points and check foot welds for cracks
  
• Clean feet regularly to prevent clay adhesion
  
• Monitor towing machine temperature and drawbar strain
  
• Use GPS or stringline to ensure uniform pass coverage
  

Conclusion
The 48x48 LeTourneau towed sheepfoot roller remains a viable compaction tool for high-plastic clays, especially in large-scale site work. While modern machines offer speed and comfort, the roller’s raw effectiveness and low operating cost make it a valuable asset when paired with the right towing equipment and soil conditions.