Champ TL350 All-Terrain Forklift and Torque Converter Considerations

[MikePhua]

The Champ TL350 is a rugged all-terrain forklift designed for construction, utility, and industrial yard work. While its production numbers were modest compared to mainstream brands, the TL350 earned a reputation for simplicity, off-road capability, and mechanical durability. However, improper towing procedures—especially involving the torque converter—can lead to serious drivetrain damage if not properly understood.
Manufacturer Background and Machine Profile
Champ forklifts were produced by Champ Industries, a U.S.-based manufacturer that specialized in rough-terrain material handling equipment during the 1970s and 1980s. The TL350 was one of their mid-sized models, typically equipped with a diesel engine, full-time four-wheel drive, and a mast capable of lifting between 5,000 and 8,000 pounds depending on configuration.
The TL350 was designed for job sites with uneven terrain, featuring large flotation tires, a high-clearance frame, and a robust planetary axle system. Its drivetrain included a torque converter coupled to a powershift transmission, allowing smooth gear changes under load and improved maneuverability in tight spaces.
Terminology and Drivetrain Components

• Torque Converter (TC): A fluid coupling between the engine and transmission that multiplies torque and allows slippage at low speeds. It must be disengaged or bypassed before towing.
  
• Powershift Transmission: A hydraulic transmission that shifts gears without a clutch, using pressurized oil and clutch packs.
  
• Planetary Axles: Gear reduction hubs at each wheel that increase torque and reduce drivetrain stress.
  
• FWD Disconnect: A mechanical lever or valve that isolates the drivetrain for towing or servicing.
  
• Transmission Pump: Circulates oil through the torque converter and clutch packs. It is engine-driven and does not operate when the engine is off.
  

Towing Hazards and Torque Converter Damage
Towing a TL350 without disengaging the torque converter or driveshaft can cause internal damage. When the machine is pulled with the engine off, the transmission pump is inactive, preventing lubrication of internal components. As the wheels turn, they back-drive the transmission and torque converter, generating heat and friction without oil flow.
Symptoms of torque converter damage include:

• Delayed or no gear engagement
  
• Overheating transmission fluid
  
• Slipping under load
  
• Metallic debris in the transmission pan
  
• Whining or grinding noises during operation
  

A similar incident occurred in a Colorado equipment yard where a TL350 was towed across a site without disengaging the drivetrain. Within hours of operation, the machine lost forward motion. A teardown revealed scorched clutch packs and a warped converter housing.
Recommended Procedures and Preventive Measures

• Always consult the operator’s manual before towing. If unavailable, assume the torque converter must be disengaged.
  
• Install a tow valve or disconnect lever on the transmission output shaft if frequent towing is expected.
  
• Use a flatbed trailer for transport rather than towing with wheels on the ground.
  
• Check transmission fluid for discoloration or burnt odor after any suspected towing incident.
  
• Test gear engagement only after verifying fluid levels and inspecting for leaks.
  

Maintenance and Support Challenges
Due to the age and limited production of the TL350, sourcing parts and manuals can be difficult. However, many components—such as the transmission, axles, and hydraulic pumps—were sourced from third-party suppliers like Clark, Dana, or Twin Disc. Identifying casting numbers and cross-referencing with industrial parts catalogs can help locate replacements.
Operators are encouraged to:

• Join vintage equipment forums and connect with other Champ owners
  
• Document all part numbers and modifications
  
• Consider retrofitting modern hydraulic valves or filters for improved reliability
  
• Keep a service log to track fluid changes, repairs, and towing history
  

Conclusion
The Champ TL350 remains a capable all-terrain forklift when properly maintained and operated. However, towing without disengaging the torque converter can cause irreversible damage to the transmission system. Understanding the drivetrain layout and following correct procedures ensures the machine continues to serve reliably in demanding environments.