Removing the Transmission Pickup Pump on a JD 310A Requires Patience and Precision

[MikePhua]

The JD 310A and Its Transmission Layout
The John Deere 310A backhoe loader was introduced in the late 1970s as part of Deere’s push into the compact construction equipment market. Built for versatility and durability, the 310A featured a torque converter transmission paired with a hydraulic shuttle system, allowing smooth directional changes without clutching. At the heart of this system is the transmission-mounted pickup pump, responsible for drawing hydraulic fluid from the sump and feeding it into the shuttle and clutch packs.
Terminology note:

• Pickup pump: A small gear or vane pump located inside or near the transmission housing, used to supply hydraulic fluid to the transmission control system.
  
• Torque converter: A fluid coupling between the engine and transmission that multiplies torque and allows slippage during gear changes.
  

Why the Pickup Pump Matters
The pickup pump is critical to the operation of the shuttle shift and forward/reverse clutch packs. If the pump fails or becomes clogged, the machine may lose drive, hesitate during gear changes, or fail to build pressure. Symptoms include:

• No movement in forward or reverse
  
• Delayed engagement after shifting
  
• Low transmission pressure readings
  
• Fluid starvation during cold starts
  

One operator in Michigan reported that his 310A would not move after idling for five minutes. After checking the filter and fluid level, he discovered the pickup pump had sheared its drive tang—a failure that required full removal and replacement.
Accessing the Pickup Pump
Removing the pickup pump on a JD 310A is not a quick task. It requires partial disassembly of the transmission housing and careful handling of internal components. The pump is typically located behind the torque converter, mounted to the front of the transmission case.
Steps to access and remove the pump:

• Drain transmission fluid completely and remove the filter housing
  
• Disconnect battery and secure machine to prevent accidental movement
  
• Remove the loader frame crossmember if it obstructs access
  
• Unbolt and slide back the torque converter housing
  
• Locate the pickup pump near the input shaft or converter flange
  
• Remove retaining bolts and carefully extract the pump, noting orientation
  
• Inspect the drive tang, gear teeth, and mounting surface for wear
  

Terminology note:

• Drive tang: A small protrusion or tab that engages with the torque converter or shaft to spin the pump.
  
• Converter flange: The mounting surface where the torque converter bolts to the engine or transmission.
  

Common Challenges and Solutions
Several issues can complicate pump removal:

• Rusted or seized bolts due to fluid exposure
  
• Limited clearance between frame and transmission
  
• Fragile gasket surfaces that may tear during disassembly
  
• Misalignment during reinstallation causing pump failure
  

Recommendations:

• Use penetrating oil and heat on stubborn bolts
  
• Support transmission with a jack or cribbing to relieve stress
  
• Replace all gaskets and seals during reassembly
  
• Prime the pump with clean hydraulic fluid before startup
  
• Torque bolts to spec and double-check alignment
  

A technician in Alberta shared that he fabricated a custom puller to extract the pump without damaging the housing. He also replaced the pump with an upgraded aftermarket unit featuring hardened gears and a reinforced drive tang.
Preventive Maintenance and Inspection
To avoid future pump failures:

• Change transmission fluid every 500 hours or annually
  
• Use OEM-spec filters and monitor for metal particles
  
• Check pressure readings monthly using a hydraulic test port
  
• Inspect torque converter bolts and pump mounting during major service
  
• Avoid prolonged idling, which can reduce fluid circulation
  

Terminology note:

• Hydraulic test port: A threaded access point used to measure system pressure with a gauge.
  
• Fluid starvation: A condition where the pump cannot draw enough fluid, leading to cavitation or overheating.
  

Conclusion
Removing the pickup pump on a JD 310A is a demanding but manageable task. With the right tools, methodical disassembly, and attention to detail, operators and mechanics can restore transmission function and extend the life of this classic backhoe. In machines like the 310A, reliability often depends on the smallest components—and the pickup pump is one that deserves respect.