Fermac 750 Backhoe Loader Reliability and Transmission Troubleshooting

[MikePhua]

The History of Fermac and the 750 Series
The Fermac 750 backhoe loader was produced during the mid-1990s by Fermec, a British manufacturer that evolved from Massey Ferguson’s construction equipment division. After Massey Ferguson exited the backhoe market, Fermec continued production under its own name until it was acquired by Terex in the early 2000s. The 750 model was designed as a mid-size backhoe loader, offering a balance of power, maneuverability, and mechanical simplicity for contractors, municipalities, and agricultural users.
Equipped with a Perkins diesel engine and a mechanical or semi-automatic transmission, the Fermac 750 was built to handle trenching, loading, and light excavation tasks. Its popularity in Europe and South Africa stemmed from its affordability and ease of service, especially in regions where dealer support was limited.
Core Specifications and Mechanical Features

• Engine: Perkins 1004-4 or 1004-4T, 4-cylinder diesel
  
• Power Output: Approximately 80–90 HP
  
• Transmission: 4-speed shuttle or powershift, depending on variant
  
• Drive: 2WD standard, 4WD optional (often removed or modified)
  
• Hydraulic System: Shared pump for steering and implement control
  
• Operating Weight: Around 7,500–8,000 kg
  
• Bucket Capacity: 1.0–1.2 cubic meters (loader), 0.2–0.3 cubic meters (backhoe)
  

The transmission and hydraulic systems were designed to be robust but required regular inspection and fluid maintenance. The steering and transmission shared a hydraulic pump, which could lead to diagnostic confusion when one system failed.
Transmission Failure and Diagnostic Pathways
One of the most common issues in aging Fermac 750 units is the loss of forward and reverse drive. Symptoms include:

• No movement in either direction
  
• Clicking sound from solenoids when shifting
  
• Temporary movement after long idle periods
  
• Steering remains functional
  
• Hydraulic implements respond normally
  

These symptoms suggest a transmission hydraulic issue rather than a mechanical failure. The Fermac 750 uses a charge pump located on the right-hand side of the engine, beneath the alternator. This pump supplies pressure to the transmission control valve, which governs clutch engagement.
Key Diagnostic Steps
To isolate the fault:

• Check transmission oil level using the dipstick near the bellhousing on the left-hand side
  
• Inspect oil color and clarity—reddish fluid indicates ATF or hydraulic oil; milky fluid suggests water contamination
  
• Test forward and reverse solenoids for audible click and voltage
  
• Lift wheels off the ground and observe movement at idle and increased RPM
  
• Turn steering to full lock while engaging drive—if movement occurs, pump output may be marginal
  
• Use a 500 psi gauge to test charge pressure at the transmission valve
  

A technician in South Africa discovered that his Fermac 750 had no drive due to a worn charge pump. By turning the steering to full lock and engaging drive, the machine moved slightly—indicating marginal pressure. Replacing the pump restored full functionality.
Hydraulic System Interactions
The Fermac 750’s hydraulic system is interconnected:

• Steering and transmission share the same pump
  
• Backhoe and loader functions draw from the main hydraulic circuit
  
• Relief valves regulate pressure across subsystems
  

If steering affects implement performance, the pump may be undersized or worn. In some cases, previous owners modify the oil filler pipe or bypass hydraulic lines, complicating diagnostics.
Common Modifications and Field Repairs
Many older Fermac 750s have undergone field modifications:

• Removal of 4WD components due to wear or lack of parts
  
• Replacement of filler hoses with rubber plugs or improvised caps
  
• Bypassed solenoids or manual override switches
  
• Non-OEM hydraulic fluid substitutions
  

While these changes may restore short-term function, they often introduce long-term reliability issues. It’s recommended to source original parts or compatible replacements and avoid improvising critical components.
Preventive Maintenance Recommendations
To maintain performance:

• Change transmission fluid every 500 hours
  
• Replace hydraulic filters annually
  
• Inspect solenoid wiring and connectors quarterly
  
• Test charge pump output during each service interval
  
• Use ISO 46 hydraulic oil or ATF as specified by the manufacturer
  
• Keep a log of fluid changes and pressure readings
  

Operators should also monitor for signs of pump wear, such as delayed clutch engagement, noisy operation, or inconsistent steering response.
Parts Availability and Support
Since Fermec was absorbed by Terex, parts for the 750 are available through Terex dealers or aftermarket suppliers. Key components include:

• Transmission control valves
  
• Charge pumps
  
• Solenoids and wiring harnesses
  
• Hydraulic filters and seals
  
• Steering cylinders and linkages
  

Manuals may be found on auction sites or through equipment forums. Investing in a service manual is essential for accurate troubleshooting and repair.
Conclusion
The Fermac 750 backhoe loader remains a capable and serviceable machine decades after its production ended. While transmission and hydraulic issues are common in older units, they can be resolved with methodical diagnostics and proper parts. Understanding the shared pump architecture and solenoid logic is key to restoring drive function. With care and attention, the 750 continues to serve in fields, farms, and job sites—proof that solid engineering and practical design endure beyond brand transitions.