Nissan Kizai HL-035 Loader Backhoe History Performance and Restoration Insights

[MikePhua]

The HL-035 and Nissan’s Early Compact Equipment Engineering
The Nissan Kizai HL-035 loader backhoe represents a rare and rugged example of early Japanese compact construction machinery. Manufactured in the late 1970s to early 1980s, the HL-035 was part of Nissan’s industrial equipment division before it evolved into Hanix, a brand later known for mini excavators and compact loaders. The HL-035 was designed for export markets, including North America, and was often shipped in containers alongside other Nissan compact machines such as the N41 and N45 series.
Built with a focus on mechanical simplicity and durability, the HL-035 combined a front loader with a rear backhoe, powered by an Isuzu 2AB-1 diesel engine. This 2-cylinder air-cooled engine was known for its reliability and ease of maintenance, making it suitable for remote job sites and agricultural use. The machine’s controls were labeled in both Japanese and English, reflecting its dual-market intent and export orientation.
Core Specifications and Mechanical Features
While official documentation is scarce, field reports and surviving units suggest the following specifications:

• Engine: Isuzu 2AB-1, 2-cylinder diesel
  
• Cooling system: Air-cooled
  
• Transmission: Manual gear drive with mechanical clutch
  
• Operating weight: ~3,000–3,500 lbs
  
• Loader bucket capacity: ~0.3 cubic yards
  
• Backhoe digging depth: ~6–8 feet
  
• Hydraulic system: Open center, gear pump
  
• Tire size: ~7.00-12 front, ~12.4-16 rear
  

The HL-035 featured a simple mechanical linkage system for both loader and backhoe functions. Hydraulic cylinders were externally mounted and easily accessible for seal replacement. The backhoe boom used a single swing cylinder, and the dipper arm was reinforced with gussets for added strength. The loader arms were narrow but robust, with a mechanical float function for grading.
In one farm operation in Alberta, an HL-035 was used for trenching irrigation lines and moving compost. The operator noted that despite its age, the machine started reliably and performed well in tight spaces where larger equipment could not maneuver.
Restoration Challenges and Parts Sourcing
Restoring an HL-035 presents unique challenges due to limited parts availability and scarce documentation. Common issues include:

• Hydraulic pump wear
  
• Cylinder seal leakage
  
• Cracked loader pivot bushings
  
• Electrical system corrosion
  
• Fuel line degradation
  

Solutions:

• Rebuild hydraulic pump using generic gear pump kits
  
• Replace cylinder seals with matched metric kits from aftermarket suppliers
  
• Fabricate bushings using bronze stock and lathe machining
  
• Rewire electrical system with marine-grade connectors
  
• Retrofit fuel lines with ethanol-resistant hose
  

Recommended upgrades:

• Install inline hydraulic filter to protect pump
  
• Add LED work lights for night operation
  
• Replace mechanical throttle linkage with cable-actuated lever
  
• Use sealed battery with vibration resistance
  
• Add grease fittings to loader pivots for longevity
  

In one rebuild in Texas, a technician fabricated a new loader pivot pin using 4140 steel and installed a custom bushing set. The machine returned to service and was used for fence post installation and gravel grading.
Engine Performance and Cooling Considerations
The Isuzu 2AB-1 engine is air-cooled, which simplifies maintenance but requires proper airflow and fan integrity. Common issues include:

• Fan belt wear
  
• Cooling fin blockage from dust or debris
  
• Oil leaks from crank seals
  
• Hard starting in cold weather
  

Maintenance tips:

• Clean cooling fins monthly
  
• Replace fan belt annually
  
• Use SAE 30 oil for warm climates, SAE 10W-30 for cold starts
  
• Install block heater for winter use
  
• Check valve clearance every 500 hours
  

In one municipal fleet in Maine, adding a shroud around the cooling fan improved airflow and reduced overheating during summer trenching.
Hydraulic System and Control Feedback
The HL-035’s open-center hydraulic system uses a gear pump and manual spool valves. While simple, it requires clean fluid and careful operation to avoid cavitation or seal damage.
Best practices:

• Change hydraulic fluid every 500 hours
  
• Replace filter every 250 hours
  
• Bleed air from cylinders after seal replacement
  
• Avoid deadheading valves under load
  
• Monitor for hose abrasion and replace as needed
  

Recommended upgrades:

• Install pressure gauge at pump outlet
  
• Add flow restrictors for smoother control
  
• Use synthetic hydraulic fluid for better temperature stability
  
• Retrofit joystick controls if desired
  

In one grading job in Chile, a contractor added a pressure gauge and discovered low pump output due to worn gears. After rebuilding the pump, the backhoe regained full digging force.
Operator Experience and Field Adaptability
Operators report:

• Simple and intuitive controls
  
• Responsive loader and backhoe functions
  
• Stable operation on uneven terrain
  
• Easy access to service points
  
• Compact size ideal for small farms and tight job sites
  

Limitations:

• No cab or ROPS in most units
  
• Limited digging depth compared to modern compact backhoes
  
• Manual transmission requires clutch skill
  
• Parts must often be fabricated or adapted
  

In one restoration in France, a collector used the HL-035 to demonstrate vintage equipment at agricultural fairs. The machine drew attention for its compact design and historical significance.
Conclusion
The Nissan Kizai HL-035 loader backhoe is a testament to early Japanese engineering in compact construction equipment. Though rare and often overlooked, it remains a capable and restorable machine for those willing to invest in fabrication and mechanical ingenuity. With proper maintenance, thoughtful upgrades, and a bit of historical appreciation, the HL-035 can still dig, lift, and load its way into modern utility—decades after rolling out of a container.