Understanding Auxiliary Hydraulics in Heavy Equipment

[MikePhua]

Auxiliary hydraulics are an essential component of modern heavy equipment, providing the necessary power to operate various attachments and tools. These systems are found on a wide range of machines, including skid steer loaders, mini excavators, and backhoe loaders, enhancing their versatility and making them adaptable to a broader array of tasks. This article explores the purpose, operation, and maintenance of auxiliary hydraulic systems, along with common challenges and troubleshooting techniques.
What Are Auxiliary Hydraulics?
Auxiliary hydraulics refer to the additional hydraulic lines, pumps, and controls installed on a machine to provide power to attachments beyond the basic operating functions. These attachments could include augers, grapples, hydraulic breakers, pallet forks, and more.
These systems are essential for increasing the functionality of a base machine, enabling operators to perform various tasks without the need for separate equipment. By offering a reliable power source, auxiliary hydraulics extend the usefulness of machines, reducing the need for multiple machines on the job site and thereby improving overall efficiency.
Key Components:

• Hydraulic Lines and Hoses: These carry hydraulic fluid to and from the auxiliary attachment.
  
• Auxiliary Pump: Some machines have a dedicated auxiliary pump that provides additional hydraulic flow to support the attachment.
  
• Control Valve and Switches: Operators control the hydraulic flow to attachments using these systems, allowing precise control over the operation of the attachment.
  
• Quick-Connect Fittings: These fittings allow for fast attachment and detachment of hydraulic tools, improving efficiency and reducing downtime.
  

Why Are Auxiliary Hydraulics Important?
The primary reason for the widespread use of auxiliary hydraulics is their ability to increase the operational capabilities of a machine. By adding auxiliary hydraulic systems, a single piece of equipment can perform a range of tasks that would otherwise require multiple machines or specialized tools.
Benefits:

• Enhanced Versatility: With auxiliary hydraulics, a machine can handle a variety of tasks, such as digging, lifting, breaking, and compacting, depending on the attachment.
  
• Increased Productivity: By using one machine with multiple attachments, operators can save time and reduce the costs associated with renting or maintaining additional equipment.
  
• Cost Efficiency: Instead of investing in multiple pieces of equipment, operators can use a single machine with the appropriate auxiliary hydraulic attachments.
  
• Space Efficiency: Auxiliary hydraulics reduce the need for additional machinery on a job site, freeing up valuable space.
  

Types of Auxiliary Hydraulic Systems
There are generally two types of auxiliary hydraulic systems in heavy equipment: low-flow systems and high-flow systems. Understanding the difference is crucial for choosing the right equipment and attachments.
1. Low-Flow Auxiliary Hydraulics
Low-flow systems are typically designed to deliver a lower volume of hydraulic fluid, often under 20 gallons per minute (GPM). These systems are suitable for lighter-duty attachments such as:

• Hydraulic grapples
  
• Hydraulic thumbs
  
• Snow plows
  
• Augers
  

These systems are ideal for equipment like smaller skid steers or compact excavators. While they don't provide the same power as high-flow systems, they are efficient for lighter tasks and offer excellent control for precision work.
2. High-Flow Auxiliary Hydraulics
High-flow systems provide higher volumes of hydraulic fluid, typically over 20 GPM. They are used for more demanding attachments that require higher power, including:

• Hydraulic breakers
  
• Large augers
  
• High-flow trenchers
  
• Mulchers
  

High-flow systems are found in larger machines, such as full-sized excavators and high-performance skid steers. The increased flow rate allows these machines to handle more demanding tasks, improving productivity on tough jobs like rock breaking or heavy material handling.
How to Choose the Right Auxiliary Hydraulic System
Choosing the correct auxiliary hydraulic system depends on several factors, including the type of machine, the attachments you plan to use, and the required performance for specific tasks. Below are some considerations to help you make an informed decision:
1. Machine Compatibility
Not all machines are equipped with auxiliary hydraulics, and those that are may not have the same capacity. It's essential to match the flow rate of the system with the requirements of the machine. Consult the equipment manufacturer's specifications to determine the hydraulic flow and pressure that the machine can provide.
2. Attachment Requirements
Different attachments have varying hydraulic demands. Ensure that the hydraulic flow rate provided by the machine matches the needs of the attachment. A mismatch can lead to inefficient operation or, worse, damage to the attachment or hydraulic system.
3. Flow Rate
As previously mentioned, low-flow and high-flow systems serve different purposes. Determine whether you need a low-flow or high-flow system based on the type of work you'll be doing. For example, if you plan to use heavy-duty attachments like a hydraulic breaker or large auger, a high-flow system will be necessary.
4. Control Options
Machines with auxiliary hydraulics often come with different control options. Some feature hand controls, while others may have foot pedals or joystick controls. Choose a system that provides the best comfort and control for the operator, depending on the task at hand.
Troubleshooting Auxiliary Hydraulic Issues
While auxiliary hydraulics are reliable, they can encounter issues over time, especially with heavy use. Below are some common problems and troubleshooting tips:
1. No Power to the Attachment

• Potential Causes: A clogged filter, damaged hoses, or a malfunctioning control valve.
  
• Solution: Check all hoses for leaks, clean or replace filters, and inspect the control valve for any blockages or faults.
  

2. Weak Hydraulic Pressure

• Potential Causes: Low fluid levels, air in the system, or a worn hydraulic pump.
  
• Solution: Check the hydraulic fluid level and top up if needed. Bleed the system to remove air, and inspect the pump for wear or damage.
  

3. Erratic or Unresponsive Movement

• Potential Causes: Dirty or worn valves, pressure relief issues, or a malfunctioning flow control valve.
  
• Solution: Clean or replace valves, check the pressure relief valve for proper operation, and inspect the flow control valve to ensure it's working correctly.
  

Conclusion
Auxiliary hydraulics are a crucial feature in modern heavy equipment, offering increased versatility, efficiency, and productivity on the job site. Whether you're using a skid steer, excavator, or backhoe loader, auxiliary hydraulics provide the power needed to operate a wide range of attachments, turning a single piece of equipment into a multi-functional tool. By understanding the various systems, their requirements, and how to troubleshoot common issues, operators can optimize the performance of their machines and attachments, ensuring maximum uptime and efficiency.