Volvo L120E Steering System Issues and Solutions

[MikePhua]

The Volvo L120E is a powerful and versatile wheel loader that is widely used in construction, mining, and material handling. Like any piece of heavy machinery, it requires regular maintenance to ensure its efficiency and reliability. One of the critical systems in the L120E, as in many heavy machines, is the steering system. Steering issues in these machines can severely impact their performance, safety, and the overall productivity of the operation. In this article, we will discuss common steering problems encountered in the Volvo L120E, possible causes, and solutions to help keep the machine operating smoothly.
Understanding the Steering System in Volvo L120E
The Volvo L120E uses a hydrostatic steering system that provides both power assistance and precision control. This system relies on hydraulic fluid to amplify the operator's input into the steering wheel, making it easier to maneuver the large machine, especially in tight spaces. The system is composed of several key components, including:

• Steering Wheel: The primary input device used by the operator to control the loader's direction.
  
• Hydraulic Steering Cylinders: These cylinders are responsible for turning the loader's wheels by converting hydraulic pressure into mechanical force.
  
• Hydraulic Pump: The pump generates the hydraulic pressure required to operate the steering system.
  
• Hydraulic Fluid: Fluid that transmits power and lubricates various moving parts within the system.
  
• Steering Valve: A valve that directs the flow of hydraulic fluid to the steering cylinders based on the operator's input.
  

A properly functioning steering system is crucial for safety and operational efficiency, as it allows the operator to control the loader's movement in various environments, including rough terrain and confined spaces.
Common Steering Problems in Volvo L120E
Despite its robust design, the steering system in the Volvo L120E can encounter several issues that can disrupt normal operation. Some of the most common steering-related problems include:
1. Steering Wheel Hard to Turn
This is one of the most frequent complaints from operators of the L120E. When the steering wheel becomes difficult to turn, it indicates that there may be an issue with the hydraulic system or the steering components.

• Possible Causes:
  • Low hydraulic fluid levels or contaminated fluid.
    
  • Faulty hydraulic pump or steering valve.
    
  • Air in the hydraulic system causing a loss of pressure.
    
  • Worn-out or damaged steering cylinders.
    
• Solution:
  • First, check the hydraulic fluid level and quality. If the fluid is low, top it off with the manufacturer-approved hydraulic fluid. If the fluid is contaminated, it may need to be replaced, and the system flushed.
    
  • Inspect the hydraulic pump and steering valve for any signs of damage or wear.
    
  • Bleed the system to remove any trapped air that might be affecting hydraulic pressure.
    
  • Examine the steering cylinders for leaks or signs of wear. If necessary, replace damaged components.
    

2. Erratic Steering Response
In some cases, operators may notice that the steering response is erratic, meaning the loader may not always respond as expected when the steering wheel is turned. The steering might feel inconsistent, either becoming too sensitive or unresponsive at times.

• Possible Causes:
  • Air in the hydraulic system.
    
  • Dirty or clogged hydraulic filters.
    
  • Issues with the steering valve.
    
  • Damaged or leaking hydraulic hoses.
    
• Solution:
  • Begin by checking for air in the system and bleed it if necessary.
    
  • Inspect and replace any dirty or clogged hydraulic filters to ensure proper fluid flow.
    
  • Test the steering valve for proper operation and replace it if any malfunction is detected.
    
  • Check the hydraulic hoses for leaks or damage. Replace any faulty hoses to restore proper fluid pressure.
    

3. Steering Fluid Leaks
Hydraulic fluid leaks are a significant issue that can impair the performance of the steering system and other hydraulic components on the Volvo L120E. A visible leak from the steering system can quickly lead to a drop in fluid levels, which will reduce the system’s efficiency and may cause other problems such as overheating or system failure.

• Possible Causes:
  • Worn or damaged seals on the steering cylinders or other hydraulic components.
    
  • Loose or damaged hydraulic hose connections.
    
  • Cracked or worn hydraulic lines.
    
• Solution:
  • Inspect the steering cylinders and other hydraulic components for signs of leaks. Replace any worn or damaged seals to prevent further fluid loss.
    
  • Tighten any loose hydraulic connections and replace any damaged hoses or lines.
    
  • Regularly check for leaks as part of a comprehensive maintenance routine to catch potential issues before they become serious.
    

4. Inconsistent Power Assist
The power assist in the Volvo L120E's steering system relies on hydraulic pressure to amplify the operator’s input. If the power assist is inconsistent or absent, it can make steering difficult, especially in tight spaces or while turning.

• Possible Causes:
  • Faulty hydraulic pump.
    
  • Low hydraulic fluid levels.
    
  • Malfunctioning power steering valve.
    
• Solution:
  • Check the hydraulic fluid levels and top up as needed. Ensure that the fluid is clean and free from contamination.
    
  • Inspect the hydraulic pump for proper operation. If the pump is failing, it may need to be replaced.
    
  • Examine the power steering valve to ensure it is functioning correctly. If the valve is malfunctioning, it may need repair or replacement.
    

5. Noisy Steering Operation
Excessive noise in the steering system, such as whining or grinding sounds, can indicate a problem with the hydraulic system or mechanical components.

• Possible Causes:
  • Air in the hydraulic system.
    
  • Low or contaminated hydraulic fluid.
    
  • Worn-out steering components, such as bearings or bushings.
    
• Solution:
  • Bleed the system to remove any trapped air.
    
  • Check the hydraulic fluid for cleanliness and proper levels. Replace the fluid if it is contaminated.
    
  • Inspect the steering components for signs of wear. Replace any components that are no longer functioning properly.
    

Preventative Maintenance Tips for the Volvo L120E Steering System
Proper maintenance is key to preventing steering issues and prolonging the life of the Volvo L120E's steering system. Here are some essential tips:

1. Regular Fluid Checks: Ensure that the hydraulic fluid is at the proper level and is free from contaminants. Replace the fluid according to the manufacturer’s schedule.
   
2. Inspect Hydraulic Components: Regularly check the hydraulic pump, steering valve, and hoses for signs of wear or damage. Replace any faulty components to avoid larger issues.
   
3. Bleed the System: Air in the hydraulic system can cause erratic steering behavior. Make sure to bleed the system periodically to remove any trapped air.
   
4. Check for Leaks: Look for signs of hydraulic fluid leaks around the steering cylinders, hoses, and connections. Address leaks promptly to prevent fluid loss.
   
5. Lubricate Steering Components: Periodically lubricate the steering components to reduce wear and ensure smooth operation.
   

Conclusion
The Volvo L120E is a powerful and reliable wheel loader, but like all heavy machinery, it requires regular maintenance to keep it performing at its best. Steering issues, if left unchecked, can lead to costly repairs and downtime. By understanding common problems with the steering system and following best practices for maintenance, operators can ensure that their Volvo L120E remains efficient, safe, and reliable for years to come. Whether dealing with hard steering, fluid leaks, or inconsistent power assist, taking proactive steps will save time, reduce costs, and ensure smooth operation in challenging environments.