Buying Your First Excavator and Making It Work

[MikePhua]

The Journey Begins with a Used Machine
For many first-time owners, purchasing an excavator is both thrilling and daunting. The decision often starts with budget constraints, leading to the choice of a used machine. While new excavators offer warranties and modern features, used models—especially those from reputable brands—can deliver solid performance if properly inspected and maintained.
One common entry point is the mid-sized excavator, typically in the 12–18 ton range. These machines strike a balance between digging power and transportability. Popular models include the Komatsu PC120, Caterpillar 312, and Hitachi EX135. Each has a legacy of reliability and global sales exceeding tens of thousands of units annually.
Understanding the Basics of Excavator Operation
Excavators operate on a hydraulic system that powers the boom, arm, bucket, and swing functions. The operator uses joysticks to control these movements, with foot pedals managing track travel and auxiliary functions. Most machines feature ISO or SAE control patterns, which dictate joystick behavior. Learning these patterns is essential for safe and efficient operation.
New owners should practice in open areas, mastering basic maneuvers like trenching, grading, and lifting. A common mistake is overextending the boom or arm, which can destabilize the machine. Always keep the load close to the ground and within the lifting chart parameters.
Inspecting and Maintaining a Used Excavator
Before putting a used excavator to work, a thorough inspection is critical. Key areas include:

• Hydraulic hoses and fittings: Check for leaks or abrasions
  
• Undercarriage: Inspect track tension, rollers, and sprockets
  
• Engine: Look for blow-by, oil leaks, and coolant condition
  
• Pins and bushings: Test for excessive play in joints
  
• Electrical system: Verify lights, gauges, and warning indicators
  

Fluid changes should be immediate—engine oil, hydraulic fluid, coolant, and fuel filters. Grease all pivot points and clean the air filter. A neglected machine can hide costly issues, so preventive maintenance is non-negotiable.
Choosing Attachments and Enhancing Versatility
Excavators become truly versatile with the right attachments. Common choices include:

• General-purpose buckets
  
• Hydraulic thumbs
  
• Grapples
  
• Augers
  
• Rippers
  

Each attachment requires compatible hydraulic flow and pressure. For example, a hydraulic thumb needs a dedicated auxiliary circuit and control valve. Installing quick couplers can reduce changeover time and increase productivity.
A landscaping contractor in North Carolina reported doubling his job capacity after adding a tilt grading bucket and thumb. He could now handle demolition, trenching, and material sorting with a single machine.
Transport and Legal Considerations
Moving an excavator requires a trailer rated for its weight. A 12-ton machine typically needs a tandem-axle lowboy with a 20,000 lb capacity. Securement must follow DOT regulations, including four-point tie-downs and brake checks.
Operators should also verify local licensing requirements. In many regions, no special license is needed for private land use, but commercial operation may require certification. Insurance coverage should include liability and equipment damage.
Learning Curve and Operator Confidence
Operating an excavator is a skill that improves with time. Early challenges include:

• Coordinating boom and swing movements
  
• Managing uneven terrain
  
• Avoiding underground utilities
  
• Estimating bucket depth and reach
  

A farmer in Alberta shared his experience of digging a pond with a used Komatsu PC120. Initially overwhelmed, he spent evenings practicing and watching training videos. Within weeks, he completed the pond and began offering trenching services to neighbors.
Terminology Notes

• Boom: The primary arm extending from the machine body
  
• Stick (Arm): The secondary arm connecting the boom to the bucket
  
• Swing Motor: Powers the rotation of the upper structure
  
• Track Tension: The tightness of the crawler tracks, affecting stability
  
• Auxiliary Hydraulics: Additional hydraulic lines for powering attachments
  

Tips for First-Time Owners

• Start with a machine under 20 tons for easier transport and lower fuel costs
  
• Always inspect before purchase—bring a mechanic if unsure
  
• Practice in open areas before tackling real jobs
  
• Keep a maintenance log and follow service intervals strictly
  
• Invest in attachments gradually based on job needs
  
• Join local contractor networks for advice and referrals
  

Conclusion
Owning your first excavator opens the door to independence, productivity, and new business opportunities. Whether you're digging foundations, clearing land, or building ponds, the key is preparation and patience. With the right machine, proper care, and a willingness to learn, even a used excavator can become the cornerstone of a successful venture.