Adding a Pusher Axle to a 12-Wheel Dump Truck

[MikePhua]

Introduction to Dump Trucks and Their Configurations
Dump trucks are essential vehicles in the construction, mining, and transportation industries, where they are used to transport materials such as sand, gravel, soil, and debris. The versatility and power of dump trucks make them invaluable for hauling heavy loads across challenging terrains.
A typical dump truck comes in various configurations, with wheel configurations being one of the most notable differences. A 12-wheel dump truck, for instance, refers to a vehicle with six axles (two front axles and four rear axles) supporting a total of twelve wheels. These trucks are designed for high load capacities and are commonly used in commercial construction and roadwork projects.
However, to further enhance the truck’s load-bearing capacity and maneuverability, some operators opt to add a pusher axle. This article will explore why and how to add a pusher axle to a 12-wheel dump truck, the benefits of such an addition, and the steps involved.
What is a Pusher Axle?
A pusher axle is an additional axle that is installed at the rear of a dump truck (or any large vehicle) to increase its load-bearing capacity. Unlike the regular axles, which support the truck’s weight, the pusher axle helps distribute the weight more evenly, reducing the load on the main axles and improving the truck’s ability to carry larger payloads.
Pusher axles are typically installed on vehicles with multiple axles and are designed to be liftable or adjustable. When a truck is carrying a heavier load, the pusher axle is lowered to the ground, helping to distribute the weight more effectively. Conversely, when the truck is empty or carrying lighter loads, the pusher axle can be raised to reduce wear and tear on the tires and axles.
Reasons to Add a Pusher Axle

1. Increased Payload Capacity:
   The main reason for adding a pusher axle to a 12-wheel dump truck is to increase its payload capacity. A pusher axle spreads the weight of the load over a larger surface area, allowing the truck to carry heavier loads without exceeding weight restrictions. This is especially important in industries where heavy-duty hauling is routine, such as construction and mining.
   
2. Improved Maneuverability:
   With an added pusher axle, a dump truck can achieve better balance and handling. By redistributing the truck’s weight, the pusher axle improves the truck’s ability to turn and maneuver, especially in tight spaces and on uneven terrains. This is particularly valuable when operating in construction sites or urban areas where space is limited.
   
3. Compliance with Regulations:
   Many jurisdictions have weight limits for trucks operating on public roads. Adding a pusher axle can help ensure that a 12-wheel dump truck adheres to these weight restrictions while maximizing its hauling capacity. By spreading the weight across more axles, the pusher axle helps keep the truck’s weight within legal limits.
   
4. Enhanced Stability:
   With a pusher axle in place, the truck becomes more stable, particularly when carrying heavy loads. The additional axle ensures that the load is more evenly distributed, reducing the risk of tipping or instability while driving on uneven or sloped terrain.
   
5. Extended Tire and Component Life:
   The addition of a pusher axle helps reduce the stress placed on individual tires and drivetrain components. By distributing the weight more evenly, the pusher axle helps reduce tire wear, preventing premature damage and extending the life of both the tires and the truck’s axles.
   

Steps to Add a Pusher Axle to a 12-Wheel Dump Truck

1. Determine the Need for a Pusher Axle:
   Before adding a pusher axle, it’s essential to assess the truck’s intended use and the potential benefits of the upgrade. If the truck is consistently hauling heavy loads or working in areas where maneuverability is an issue, a pusher axle may be a good investment. Consider whether the truck frequently exceeds weight limits or struggles with stability when loaded.
   
2. Consult with a Professional:
   Installing a pusher axle is a complex process that requires specialized knowledge and experience. It’s highly recommended to consult with an expert or a professional who specializes in heavy truck modifications. They can assess the vehicle, determine the appropriate pusher axle configuration, and ensure the installation is done correctly.
   
3. Choose the Right Pusher Axle:
   Pusher axles come in various designs, and the right one depends on the truck’s configuration, the type of load being carried, and local regulations. Some pusher axles are liftable or adjustable, while others are fixed. When choosing a pusher axle, consider factors such as load capacity, lift mechanisms, and durability.
   
4. Installation Process:
   The installation of a pusher axle typically involves several steps:
   • Removal of the existing rear components: This may include removing the rear wheels and axles to create space for the new pusher axle.
     
   • Mounting the pusher axle assembly: The pusher axle is mounted to the rear of the truck, either as a fixed or adjustable component. This may involve welding or bolting the axle to the truck’s frame.
     
   • Connecting hydraulic systems: If the pusher axle is liftable, it will require a hydraulic system for raising and lowering. The hydraulic lines will need to be properly connected to the truck’s existing hydraulic system.
     
   • Wheel and tire installation: After the axle is securely mounted, the appropriate wheels and tires will be installed on the pusher axle. These must be properly aligned to ensure smooth operation.
     
5. Check for Proper Alignment:
   After installation, it’s crucial to check the alignment of the pusher axle and ensure that it is functioning properly. Test the system by raising and lowering the axle and checking for any unusual noises, misalignments, or issues with the hydraulic system.
   
6. Perform Test Runs:
   Once the pusher axle is installed, perform a series of test runs to ensure the system works as expected. Test the vehicle under different load conditions, such as empty, half-loaded, and fully loaded, to verify the axle’s performance and stability.
   

Considerations and Potential Challenges

1. Cost of Installation:
   Adding a pusher axle can be a costly modification, as it involves purchasing the axle assembly, hydraulic components, and labor costs for installation. Ensure that the investment is justified by the increase in payload capacity and the long-term benefits of improved stability and tire life.
   
2. Regulatory Compliance:
   Before installing a pusher axle, it is essential to verify the local and federal regulations regarding axle configurations and weight limits. Adding a pusher axle may require the vehicle to be re-certified or inspected to ensure it complies with legal requirements.
   
3. Maintenance Requirements:
   A pusher axle will require regular maintenance to ensure it continues to function properly. This includes checking the hydraulic system, inspecting the axle for wear and tear, and monitoring the tires for signs of damage. Keep track of the additional maintenance requirements when budgeting for the modification.
   

Conclusion
Adding a pusher axle to a 12-wheel dump truck can provide significant benefits, including increased payload capacity, improved stability, and better overall performance. The modification helps ensure that the truck complies with weight regulations while also reducing strain on the drivetrain and tires.
However, the installation of a pusher axle should be carried out with careful consideration of the truck’s use case, as well as an understanding of the associated costs and maintenance requirements. When properly installed and maintained, a pusher axle can enhance the truck’s versatility and extend its lifespan, making it a valuable investment for heavy-duty hauling operations.