Big Sticks: The Importance and Challenges of Long Reach Excavators

[MikePhua]

In the world of heavy equipment, long reach excavators, often referred to as “big sticks,” are a critical tool for certain construction and demolition tasks. These machines are designed for work that requires a long reach from the base of the excavator, such as digging deep trenches, removing debris from a distance, or handling materials in hard-to-reach areas. The extended arm and boom configuration, sometimes extending as far as 40 feet or more, make them invaluable in specialized applications like dredging, deep excavation, and working in hazardous environments.
This article explores the advantages, challenges, and considerations of using long reach excavators, delving into the types of work that require these machines, the technical aspects of the "big stick" design, and best practices for operators.
What is a Big Stick Excavator?
A "big stick" excavator refers to any excavator with a long, extended boom and arm configuration designed to reach farther than standard machines. The name "big stick" is derived from the extended boom, resembling a long stick, that allows the operator to access areas at a greater distance without needing to reposition the machine.
These machines are typically used in applications that require precision, reach, and the ability to work in challenging environments. The increased reach allows them to operate from a safe distance in situations like trenching, deep digging, and demolition tasks, all while maintaining optimal machine stability and safety.
Applications of Big Stick Excavators
Big stick excavators are suited for a variety of heavy-duty applications, especially those requiring high reach and extended digging capabilities. Here are some of the primary use cases:
1. Dredging and Marine Work
One of the most common uses of long reach excavators is in dredging, where the machine is used to excavate material from the bottom of bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, or harbors. The long arm allows operators to reach from the shore or from a floating platform, reducing the need to place the excavator directly in the water. This setup is essential for creating or maintaining shipping channels, removing silt, or improving water flow.
2. Trenching and Deep Excavation
Long reach excavators are ideal for deep excavation work where standard machines can’t reach. They are frequently used in projects such as underground utilities installation, foundation digging, and creating deep trenches for infrastructure development. The extended boom allows operators to dig from a safe distance and navigate areas that would be otherwise unreachable.
3. Demolition Projects
In demolition work, big stick excavators are used to dismantle tall structures like bridges, towers, and multi-story buildings. The long arm gives operators the ability to reach high or deep into structures without needing additional machinery. They can also be equipped with specialized tools, such as shears, hammers, and grapples, to make quick work of complex demolition tasks.
4. Forestry and Land Clearing
In forestry work, long reach excavators are used to clear large swathes of land, handle trees, and remove logs that may be difficult to reach with shorter machines. The additional reach can help in managing hazardous terrain or in logging applications where reaching long distances from the base machine is required.
5. Working in Hazardous Environments
Big stick excavators provide a safe solution for working in environments that pose a risk to operators, such as landslide zones, toxic waste sites, or hazardous material removal. The long boom allows operators to maintain a safe distance from the dangerous areas while still being able to perform precise digging and material handling.
Key Benefits of Big Stick Excavators
The primary advantage of a long reach excavator is the ability to access challenging or hazardous locations while maintaining safety. However, beyond the obvious reach extension, there are several other benefits that make these machines a popular choice for specialized tasks:

1. Extended Reach for Complex Jobs: The main selling point of a big stick excavator is its ability to reach farther than traditional excavators. This feature is particularly useful in applications like dredging, trenching, and deep excavation, where the operator needs to reach out far distances without repositioning the equipment.
   
2. Improved Efficiency in Tight Spaces: In many construction sites, space is limited. The long arm and boom allow the machine to perform work without having to move the machine itself into tight or restricted areas. This reduces downtime and improves productivity.
   
3. Safety in Hazardous Work: By providing a greater distance between the operator and dangerous areas, long reach excavators enhance safety. Operators are not required to enter dangerous zones, such as unstable soil, contaminated areas, or high-risk work sites.
   
4. Versatility and Attachments: Big stick excavators can be fitted with various attachments, including hydraulic hammers, grapples, and augers, to perform specific tasks with ease. This versatility allows one machine to be used for a variety of specialized operations, making it a cost-effective solution for companies working on different projects.
   

Challenges of Big Stick Excavators
While long reach excavators offer numerous benefits, they are not without their challenges. Here are some key considerations when using or owning a big stick excavator:
1. Stability and Balance
The extended boom significantly changes the center of gravity, making the machine more prone to tipping if not properly balanced. Operators must be mindful of the reach they are using and avoid overloading the machine. Large amounts of material should be moved in stages, and operators must be aware of the stability of the machine, especially when working on uneven ground.
2. Reduced Digging Power
Although big stick excavators can reach far, the extended arms may reduce the digging power, particularly at full extension. The leverage provided by the longer boom can lessen the machine’s effectiveness when trying to move or excavate heavy material. This means operators may need to work more slowly or use smaller buckets and attachments to ensure the machine does not become overstressed.
3. Increased Maintenance Costs
The complexity of long reach excavators can result in higher maintenance costs. The additional hydraulic systems, boom joints, and extended arm components require more frequent inspections and care. Parts wear out faster due to the increased load placed on them, leading to potential downtime if repairs are not performed regularly.
4. Cost Considerations
Big stick excavators tend to come with a higher price tag due to the additional engineering and design required for their longer reach capabilities. Maintenance costs, as well as the price of specialized attachments, can also add up. For many companies, it is a matter of balancing the cost of owning such machinery with the necessity of having one for specific tasks.
Best Practices for Operating Big Stick Excavators
To get the most out of a big stick excavator, operators must follow specific best practices to ensure both safety and efficiency:

1. Perform Regular Maintenance: Inspect the boom, arm, hydraulic systems, and attachments regularly to prevent wear and tear. This proactive approach can minimize downtime and extend the lifespan of the equipment.
   
2. Maintain Proper Load Limits: Always be mindful of the machine’s load limits when using the long reach. Overloading the machine can cause instability or failure of components.
   
3. Use Appropriate Attachments: Choose the right attachment for the job. While a hydraulic hammer may work well for demolition, a bucket or grapple might be better suited for material handling. Ensure that the attachment is rated for the task at hand.
   
4. Monitor Stability: Pay attention to the machine’s stability when extending the boom. Avoid overextending when the ground conditions are poor, and use counterweights if necessary to keep the excavator steady.
   
5. Train Operators: Ensure that operators are properly trained to handle the unique challenges of long reach excavators. Proper operation can reduce accidents, improve efficiency, and extend the life of the machine.
   

Conclusion
Big stick excavators, with their long reach capabilities, are a vital tool for many construction, demolition, and specialty projects. They provide the ability to work in challenging and hazardous environments while maintaining safety and precision. However, with great reach comes greater responsibility — operators must ensure that the machines are used within their limits to avoid safety issues and excessive wear.
By understanding the benefits, challenges, and best practices associated with long reach excavators, companies can maximize the potential of these machines while reducing risks and downtime. When used correctly, big stick excavators are indispensable assets for heavy-duty applications that demand extended reach and precision.