Caterpillar 312D L Excavator Overview

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Machine Overview
The Caterpillar 312D L is a versatile mid-sized hydraulic excavator popular in construction and earthmoving for its blend of power, precision, and operator comfort. With an operating weight around 13,470 kg (nearly 13.5 metric tons), the “L” designation indicates the long undercarriage version which improves stability and performance on uneven terrain.
Engine and Performance
Powered by the reliable Cat C4.2 ACERT engine, the machine generates a net power of 67 kW (91 hp) at 2200 rpm. This engine complies with EU Stage IIIA and U.S. EPA Tier 3 emissions standards, offering a good balance of power and fuel efficiency while respecting environmental regulations. The engine displacement is 4.25 liters with a bore of 102 mm and stroke of 130 mm.
Hydraulics and Work Tools
The 312D L’s hydraulic system boasts a maximum flow of 127 liters per minute, allowing for rapid, smooth tool operation and high digging forces. Hydraulic pressures can reach up to 35,000 kPa for implements and 30,500 kPa for other systems including travel and swing. The excavator supports a wide array of attachments thanks to the Cat Tool Control system, enhancing versatility across varied job site tasks.
Operational Capabilities

• Maximum digging depth: Approximately 5,540 to 6,040 mm (18’2” to 19’10”) depending on stick length
  
• Maximum reach: Around 8,170 to 8,620 mm (26’10” to 28’3”)
  
• Bucket capacity: About 0.52 m³ (0.68 yd³)
  
• Swing speed: 12.4 RPM with swing torque of nearly 30,950 kN·m
  
• Travel speed: Maximum roughly 5.5 km/h
  
• Track shoe width: 500 mm for stability, long undercarriage improves ground contact
  

Operator Comfort
The cab is designed for spaciousness and sound reduction, outfitted with modern controls for only lessened operator fatigue and enhanced job focus. Good visibility around the boom and bucket promotes precision digging.
Maintenance and Reliability
Caterpillar’s reputation for durable machines extends to the 312D L, featuring straightforward access for routine servicing including hydraulic test ports, S·O·S sampling points, and well-placed fluid reservoirs. The durable undercarriage and quality seals contribute to long service life, especially with recommended maintenance intervals.
Glossary

• ACERT Technology: Caterpillar’s advanced combustion method reducing emissions while maintaining performance.
  
• Hydraulic Flow: Volume of fluid moving through hydraulic components influencing attachment speed and force.
  
• Swing Torque: Rotational power to move the upper frame and boom.
  
• Tool Control System: Electronic control enabling efficient operation of a wide variety of attachments.
  
• Long Undercarriage: Extended track base enhancing machine stability on slopes and rough terrain.
  

Use Case
Ideal for earthmoving, trenching, utility work, and medium-scale demolition, the 312D L adapts readily with attachments like hydraulic thumbs, hammers, and quick couplers to maximize productivity.
User Insights
Users appreciate the 312D L for its fuel efficiency relative to output power and good all-round machine balance. The long undercarriage is especially praised for offering smoother operation in uneven ground without sacrificing maneuverability.
Conclusion
The Caterpillar 312D L combines advanced engine and hydraulic technology with operator-focused design and robust undercarriage stability to deliver a reliable and versatile machine. Its features suit a wide spectrum of construction environments, making it a cost-effective, high-performance excavator choice for contractors worldwide.