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Overview
The Caterpillar 312 series excavators are well-regarded mid-sized machines, balancing power, maneuverability, and versatility. Models like the 312D and 312CL serve various civil construction, landscaping, and utility applications with reliable performance and manageable size. Typically weighing around 12 to 13 tons (roughly 28,000 pounds in larger variants), these excavators offer up to approximately 90 horsepower, powered by engines such as the Cat C4.2 ACERT or the Caterpillar 3054C turbo diesel.
Performance and Specifications
- Operating Weight: About 12,500 to 13,000 kg (12.5 to 13 tons)
- Engine Power: Around 67 to 90 kW (90 to 120 hp), with turbocharged designs for improved fuel efficiency
- Bucket Capacity: Typically 0.5 to 0.8 cubic meters depending on model and bucket choice
- Digging Depth: Generally up to 5.5 meters (~18 feet)
- Hydraulic System: Advanced pump systems delivering flows around 33.5 liters per minute, with pressures reaching near 5000 psi for strong digging and lifting forces
- Travel Speed: Approximately 5 km/h suitable for jobsite mobility
- Features: Many models come with electronic control systems enhancing fuel economy and hydraulics, vibration-damping cylinders, and ergonomic, enclosed cabs designed for operator comfort and visibility.
Cat 312 excavators are known for robust build quality, with components designed for enduring tough environments. Hydraulics feature shock absorption to reduce component wear and operator fatigue. Maintenance access is facilitated, and parts availability remains good due to Caterpillar’s extensive aftermarket support.
User Experience
Operators report ease of control, strong breakout forces, and excellent precision in operation, making the 312 a favorite for tasks requiring both power and limited machine footprint. Some owners highlight dealer support and reliability as key advantages. It is also praised for versatility, functioning well in urban and rural environments.
Glossary
- ACERT Technology: Caterpillar’s advanced combustion technology for emissions control and leaner fuel consumption.
- Hydraulic Flow: The volume of fluid the hydraulic system supplies, influencing speed and force.
- Swing Torque: The rotational force available for upperstructure movement.
- Breakout Force: The hydraulic force exerted by the bucket to break into soil or materials.
- Digging Depth: The maximum vertical reach of the bucket below ground level.
Choosing the right attachment, tailoring hydraulic flow settings, and maintaining consistent fluid and filter changes maximize the Caterpillar 312’s productivity and lifespan. Operators intending to use the machine in confined or delicate environments benefit from the 312’s compact tail swing and smooth hydraulics.
Market and Legacy
The 312 series enjoys broad acceptance globally, with high resale values and ongoing production in updated versions. Its combination of size, power, and durability has kept it relevant among contractors needing a reliable mid-sized excavator.
Summary
The Caterpillar 312 excavator series represents a balance of performance, size, and durability well-suited to a wide range of construction and landscaping projects. Its advanced hydraulic systems, dependable engines, and user-friendly features position it as an industry staple, offering consistent operational efficiency and value.
