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The Caterpillar 320CL hydraulic excavator is a powerful and versatile machine widely recognized for its performance, durability, and adaptability in various heavy construction and earthmoving applications. Built on a robust platform with advanced hydraulic systems, the 320CL offers operators exceptional control, comfort, and productivity. This detailed article explores the key specifications, technology features, operational capabilities, maintenance considerations, and practical insights related to the Caterpillar 320CL.
Powerful Engine and Performance
The 320CL is powered by the Cat 3066 T diesel engine, delivering approximately 103 kW (138 hp) net power at the flywheel. This engine meets stringent environmental regulations including US Tier 2 and EU Stage II emissions standards, reflecting Caterpillar’s commitment to reducing emissions without sacrificing performance. The engine’s displacement is 6.37 liters with a bore of 102 mm and stroke of 130 mm, providing reliable torque and fuel efficiency. The system avoids engine derating up to altitudes of 2300 meters (7500 feet), enabling consistent performance in varying conditions.
Advanced Hydraulic System
Equipped with a comprehensive hydraulic system, the 320CL boasts a main implement system flow of about 205 liters per minute (54.2 gallons per minute), with maximum pressures of up to 34,300 kPa (4,980 psi). This enables powerful and precise operation of booms, sticks, buckets, and attachments. The swing mechanism operates smoothly with a speed of 11.5 RPM and torque of 61.8 kN- m (45,611 lb-ft), supporting efficient and controlled continuous rotation. The pilot system enhances operator control with a maximum flow of 41 L/min and pressure of around 4,120 kPa (600 psi).
Hydraulic cylinders offer robust force capacities, with boom and stick cylinders designed for optimal bore sizes and stroke lengths to maximize digging and lifting performance. Digging forces for bucket and stick are rated at approximately 60 kN and 46 kN respectively, aligning with heavy-duty excavation demands.
Undercarriage and Mobility
The 320CL offers flexible undercarriage options including standard (600 mm or 24 inches width tracks) and long undercarriage (up to 800 mm or 32 inches width). Triple grouser shoes provide traction on rough terrain, enabling a maximum travel speed of 5.5 km/h (3.4 mph). The machine’s maximum drawbar pull reaches approximately 196 kN (44,040 pounds), showcasing strong traction for challenging job sites.
Working Ranges and Capacities
The excavator’s working envelope includes a maximum digging depth near 5.84 meters (19 feet 2 inches), reach at ground level of around 8.91 meters (29 feet 2 inches), and maximum cutting height close to 8.9 meters (29 feet 2 inches). Loading heights allow efficient material placement with a maximum loading height near 5.77 meters (18 feet 11 inches) and minimum loading height around 2.28 meters (7 feet 5 inches). The bucket capacity commonly used is around 1.3 cubic meters (1.7 cubic yards), suitable for medium to heavy excavation tasks.
Operator Comfort and Safety
Designed with the operator in mind, the 320CL features a spacious, ergonomic cab offering excellent visibility, noise reduction, and vibration damping for reduced operator fatigue during long shifts. Controls are intuitively placed, and the hydraulic pilot system helps provide smooth and precise machine responsiveness. The cab includes essential features such as climate control, adjustable seating, and improved sound insulation, contributing to enhanced productivity and safety.
Durability and Maintenance
Constructed with heavy-duty materials and components, the 320CL is built for rugged conditions and sustained use. Service refill capacities support extended operating times with a fuel tank capacity of about 400 liters (106 gallons), engine oil and cooling system capacities near 30 liters (7.9 gallons) each, and dedicated reservoirs for hydraulic and swing drives. These parameters facilitate planned maintenance and reduce downtime.
Regular inspection of undercarriage elements, hydraulic lines, and engine systems is recommended to maintain performance. The machine’s design provides easy access to service points, improving turnaround for repairs and routine servicing.
Terminology Explained
Operators working with the Caterpillar 320CL often report its adaptability to diverse excavation tasks such as foundation digging, trenching, and site preparation. In projects requiring prolonged operation under demanding conditions, the 320CL’s robust hydraulic flow maintains smooth cycle times, while its ergonomic cab reduces operator fatigue. For example, urban construction crews appreciate the balance of power and maneuverability the 320CL offers in confined spaces. Additionally, enhanced maintenance access and built-in diagnostics help reduce machine downtime, a critical factor in project schedules.
Summary of Key Features and Specifications
The Caterpillar 320CL hydraulic excavator combines proven engine performance, advanced hydraulics, and operator-centric design to deliver efficient and reliable excavation capabilities in a range of construction environments. Its balance of power, reach, maneuverability, and comfort makes it well-suited for both heavy and precise digging tasks. Proper maintenance and understanding of its specifications help maximize its operational lifespan and productivity.
Powerful Engine and Performance
The 320CL is powered by the Cat 3066 T diesel engine, delivering approximately 103 kW (138 hp) net power at the flywheel. This engine meets stringent environmental regulations including US Tier 2 and EU Stage II emissions standards, reflecting Caterpillar’s commitment to reducing emissions without sacrificing performance. The engine’s displacement is 6.37 liters with a bore of 102 mm and stroke of 130 mm, providing reliable torque and fuel efficiency. The system avoids engine derating up to altitudes of 2300 meters (7500 feet), enabling consistent performance in varying conditions.
Advanced Hydraulic System
Equipped with a comprehensive hydraulic system, the 320CL boasts a main implement system flow of about 205 liters per minute (54.2 gallons per minute), with maximum pressures of up to 34,300 kPa (4,980 psi). This enables powerful and precise operation of booms, sticks, buckets, and attachments. The swing mechanism operates smoothly with a speed of 11.5 RPM and torque of 61.8 kN- m (45,611 lb-ft), supporting efficient and controlled continuous rotation. The pilot system enhances operator control with a maximum flow of 41 L/min and pressure of around 4,120 kPa (600 psi).
Hydraulic cylinders offer robust force capacities, with boom and stick cylinders designed for optimal bore sizes and stroke lengths to maximize digging and lifting performance. Digging forces for bucket and stick are rated at approximately 60 kN and 46 kN respectively, aligning with heavy-duty excavation demands.
Undercarriage and Mobility
The 320CL offers flexible undercarriage options including standard (600 mm or 24 inches width tracks) and long undercarriage (up to 800 mm or 32 inches width). Triple grouser shoes provide traction on rough terrain, enabling a maximum travel speed of 5.5 km/h (3.4 mph). The machine’s maximum drawbar pull reaches approximately 196 kN (44,040 pounds), showcasing strong traction for challenging job sites.
Working Ranges and Capacities
The excavator’s working envelope includes a maximum digging depth near 5.84 meters (19 feet 2 inches), reach at ground level of around 8.91 meters (29 feet 2 inches), and maximum cutting height close to 8.9 meters (29 feet 2 inches). Loading heights allow efficient material placement with a maximum loading height near 5.77 meters (18 feet 11 inches) and minimum loading height around 2.28 meters (7 feet 5 inches). The bucket capacity commonly used is around 1.3 cubic meters (1.7 cubic yards), suitable for medium to heavy excavation tasks.
Operator Comfort and Safety
Designed with the operator in mind, the 320CL features a spacious, ergonomic cab offering excellent visibility, noise reduction, and vibration damping for reduced operator fatigue during long shifts. Controls are intuitively placed, and the hydraulic pilot system helps provide smooth and precise machine responsiveness. The cab includes essential features such as climate control, adjustable seating, and improved sound insulation, contributing to enhanced productivity and safety.
Durability and Maintenance
Constructed with heavy-duty materials and components, the 320CL is built for rugged conditions and sustained use. Service refill capacities support extended operating times with a fuel tank capacity of about 400 liters (106 gallons), engine oil and cooling system capacities near 30 liters (7.9 gallons) each, and dedicated reservoirs for hydraulic and swing drives. These parameters facilitate planned maintenance and reduce downtime.
Regular inspection of undercarriage elements, hydraulic lines, and engine systems is recommended to maintain performance. The machine’s design provides easy access to service points, improving turnaround for repairs and routine servicing.
Terminology Explained
- Net Power: Power available at the engine flywheel, excluding accessories and losses.
- Pilot System: A hydraulic circuit providing control pressure to control valves with minimal effort.
- Swing Torque: Torque responsible for rotating the excavator upper structure.
- Drawbar Pull: Maximum pulling force the machine can exert for climbing or towing.
- Triple Grouser Shoe: Track shoe design with three ridges to improve traction on uneven or slippery terrain.
- Bore and Stroke: Diameter and length of the engine piston’s movement, influencing displacement and power.
Operators working with the Caterpillar 320CL often report its adaptability to diverse excavation tasks such as foundation digging, trenching, and site preparation. In projects requiring prolonged operation under demanding conditions, the 320CL’s robust hydraulic flow maintains smooth cycle times, while its ergonomic cab reduces operator fatigue. For example, urban construction crews appreciate the balance of power and maneuverability the 320CL offers in confined spaces. Additionally, enhanced maintenance access and built-in diagnostics help reduce machine downtime, a critical factor in project schedules.
Summary of Key Features and Specifications
- Engine: Cat 3066 T Diesel, 6.37 L displacement, 103 kW (138 hp) net power
- Hydraulic Main Implement Flow: Approximately 205 L/min (54.2 gal/min)
- Maximum Pressure (Implements and Travel): Up to 34,300 kPa (4,980 psi)
- Swing Speed & Torque: 11.5 RPM and 61.8 kN- m (45,611 lb-ft)
- Undercarriage: Standard 600 mm (24 in) to long 800 mm (32 in) triple grouser tracks
- Maximum Digging Depth: About 5.84 m (19 ft 2 in)
- Maximum Reach at Ground Level: Approximately 8.91 m (29 ft 2 in)
- Bucket Capacity: Around 1.3 m³ (1.7 yd³)
- Operating Weight: Approximately 19,700 to 21,000 kg depending on configuration
- Fuel Tank Capacity: 400 L (106 gallons)
- Operator Cab: Spacious, ergonomic with noise and vibration reduction features
The Caterpillar 320CL hydraulic excavator combines proven engine performance, advanced hydraulics, and operator-centric design to deliver efficient and reliable excavation capabilities in a range of construction environments. Its balance of power, reach, maneuverability, and comfort makes it well-suited for both heavy and precise digging tasks. Proper maintenance and understanding of its specifications help maximize its operational lifespan and productivity.
