Troubleshooting a Non-Cranking New Holland L218 Skid Steer: A Comprehensive Guide

[MikePhua]

The New Holland L218 skid steer loader is a versatile and robust piece of machinery commonly used in construction, landscaping, and agricultural applications. However, like all mechanical equipment, it can encounter issues that may prevent it from starting or cranking. A non-cranking issue can arise due to several different causes, ranging from electrical malfunctions to fuel delivery problems. In this article, we will dive into the potential causes of a non-cranking New Holland L218, providing solutions and preventive measures to ensure that the machine is back to work as quickly as possible.
Understanding the Cranking Process
Before delving into troubleshooting, it’s important to understand the basic cranking process of a skid steer. When the key is turned or the start button is pressed, the starter motor is activated by the battery. This motor, in turn, engages the flywheel and begins turning the engine over. The engine should begin to fire once the necessary fuel and air mix is ignited. If any part of this process fails, the machine won’t crank, and troubleshooting is needed.
Common Causes for a Non-Cranking New Holland L218

1. Battery Issues
   

A common cause of a non-cranking machine is a weak or dead battery. The battery provides the necessary power to start the engine, and if it’s not functioning properly, the machine won’t start.

• Symptoms: If the battery is weak, you might hear a clicking noise when turning the key, or the engine may turn over very slowly.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Low charge: Over time, batteries lose charge, especially in extreme weather conditions.
    
  • Faulty battery: If the battery has worn out or has a bad cell, it won’t provide enough power to crank the engine.
    
  • Corroded terminals: Corrosion on the battery terminals can prevent proper electrical connection.
    

Solution: Check the battery charge using a voltmeter or multimeter. A healthy, fully charged battery should read around 12.6 to 12.8 volts. If the voltage is lower, try recharging the battery or replacing it if necessary. Ensure the terminals are clean and free from corrosion by using a wire brush to clean them.

1. Faulty Starter Motor
   

The starter motor is another common culprit when an engine refuses to crank. If the starter motor fails to engage, the engine won’t turn over.

• Symptoms: If the starter motor is faulty, you may hear a single click, or no sound at all when attempting to start the machine.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Worn-out starter motor: Over time, starter motors can wear out, especially if the machine is frequently used in heavy-duty applications.
    
  • Loose or damaged wiring: If the connections to the starter motor are loose or damaged, it may prevent the motor from receiving the necessary electrical current.
    

Solution: Inspect the starter motor and its connections. If there’s a click or a slow turnover, this may indicate a worn-out starter motor that requires replacement. Additionally, check the wiring and connections for wear or damage.

1. Ignition Switch or Relay Issues
   

A malfunctioning ignition switch or relay can prevent the engine from cranking. The ignition switch sends an electrical signal to the starter motor, which then activates the engine.

• Symptoms: If the ignition switch or relay is faulty, you may experience no response at all when turning the key, or you may hear clicking noises but no engine turnover.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Faulty ignition switch: The internal contacts of the ignition switch can wear out over time, preventing the signal from reaching the starter motor.
    
  • Relay failure: The relay that powers the starter motor could be damaged, causing a break in the starting circuit.
    

Solution: Test the ignition switch and starter relay for continuity using a multimeter. If either component is defective, replace it to restore proper starting functionality.

1. Fuel Delivery Problems
   

A machine may fail to crank if there is an issue with the fuel system, such as a clogged fuel filter or an issue with the fuel pump. These problems can prevent fuel from reaching the engine, which is essential for ignition.

• Symptoms: If the engine cranks slowly but does not start, it may indicate a lack of fuel delivery.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Clogged fuel filter: Over time, the fuel filter can become clogged with dirt and debris, restricting fuel flow.
    
  • Fuel pump failure: If the fuel pump is not working properly, fuel won’t be delivered to the engine.
    

Solution: Inspect the fuel filter for clogging and replace it if necessary. If the problem persists, check the fuel pump for functionality by testing the fuel lines and pump pressure.

1. Safety Switches and Sensors
   

Modern skid steers, including the New Holland L218, are equipped with safety switches and sensors that prevent the machine from starting if certain conditions aren’t met, such as the parking brake being engaged or the hydraulic controls being in neutral.

• Symptoms: If the safety switches or sensors are malfunctioning, the engine will fail to crank even though the battery and starter motor are in good condition.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Faulty neutral safety switch: This switch prevents the engine from starting if the transmission is not in the neutral position.
    
  • Parking brake sensor issue: Some machines won’t crank unless the parking brake is fully engaged.
    

Solution: Check the status of the parking brake and ensure it is fully engaged. Also, verify that the transmission is in the neutral position. Inspect the neutral safety switch and parking brake sensors for proper operation and replace any faulty components.

1. Fuses and Circuit Breakers
   

Blown fuses or tripped circuit breakers can interrupt the flow of electrical current to vital components, such as the starter motor and ignition system.

• Symptoms: If the fuse is blown or the circuit breaker has tripped, the machine won’t crank.
  
• Possible Causes:
  • Blown starter fuse: The starter motor often has a dedicated fuse that can blow if the motor experiences too much strain.
    
  • Tripped circuit breaker: Circuit breakers protect the electrical system from overloads, and they may trip if there’s an electrical fault.
    

Solution: Inspect all relevant fuses and circuit breakers. If any fuses are blown, replace them with the correct amperage fuse. Reset any tripped circuit breakers to restore functionality.
Additional Tips for Troubleshooting

• Test the alternator: If the battery keeps draining quickly after being replaced or charged, the alternator may not be charging the battery properly. Have the alternator tested to ensure it’s functioning.
  
• Inspect the engine: Check for any signs of mechanical failure, such as a seized engine, which could also prevent the machine from cranking. In rare cases, internal engine problems might cause a failure to start.
  
• Check the wiring harness: Wiring issues can often be overlooked. Inspect the wiring harness for any loose connections, damaged wires, or signs of corrosion.
  

Preventive Maintenance for the New Holland L218

1. Regularly check battery charge: Inspect the battery charge levels and clean terminals to ensure a solid connection.
   
2. Perform routine fuel system maintenance: Replace fuel filters and inspect fuel lines regularly.
   
3. Inspect safety switches: Check the functionality of all safety switches and sensors to prevent unexpected start failures.
   
4. Maintain wiring and electrical components: Regularly check fuses, relays, and the ignition system to ensure proper electrical flow.
   

Conclusion
A non-cranking New Holland L218 skid steer can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and approach, troubleshooting the issue becomes manageable. By carefully inspecting the battery, starter motor, ignition system, fuel delivery system, and safety components, operators can pinpoint the root cause of the problem. Regular maintenance and timely repairs can help avoid future cranking issues, keeping the L218 operating smoothly for years to come.