1968 Ford 5500: A Comprehensive Review and Maintenance Guide

[MikePhua]

The 1968 Ford 5500 is a vintage loader/backhoe that has gained a reputation for its durability and versatility. Built to tackle a variety of tasks on the construction site, this piece of machinery remains popular with collectors and operators alike. While it may be an older model, the Ford 5500 continues to provide solid performance when properly maintained. In this article, we’ll dive deep into its specifications, common issues, maintenance tips, and provide solutions to keep it running efficiently.
Overview of the 1968 Ford 5500
The Ford 5500 is a compact yet powerful loader/backhoe that was part of Ford's extensive line of construction equipment. This model, like others from the era, was designed with simplicity in mind, making it easy to operate and repair. Its small size and versatility made it a perfect choice for smaller jobs like trenching, digging, loading, and material handling.
Engine Specifications
The Ford 5500 is powered by a four-cylinder gasoline or diesel engine, depending on the specific variant. While it may not have the sheer power of modern backhoes, it offers enough muscle to handle a wide range of tasks. The engine is relatively easy to maintain, and its simplicity has contributed to its longevity.

• Engine Type: 4-cylinder gasoline or diesel engine
  
• Displacement: Approximately 144 cubic inches (gasoline) or 158 cubic inches (diesel)
  
• Horsepower: Around 55 horsepower
  
• Fuel System: Carburetor or fuel injection (depends on the engine variant)
  

Despite being more than 50 years old, the engine in the 5500 can still provide reliable service when given the proper care. Regular oil changes and fuel system maintenance are essential for keeping the engine in good working order.
Transmission and Drive System
The Ford 5500 is equipped with a manual transmission and a mechanical drive system. It has a 4-speed transmission with a reverse gear, which offers simple, reliable performance for both digging and transport. Unlike newer machines with advanced automatic transmission systems, the Ford 5500’s manual transmission gives the operator direct control over the machine's speed and power.

• Transmission Type: 4-speed manual
  
• Drive System: 2WD or 4WD (varies by model)
  
• Transmission Fluid: Regular checks and changes are crucial to prevent issues with shifting and power delivery.
  

The simplicity of the manual transmission makes it easy to repair and maintain, even for operators who aren’t familiar with complex hydraulic systems or electronic components. However, keeping the transmission fluid clean and topped off is vital to prevent unnecessary wear.
Hydraulic System and Backhoe Attachment
The Ford 5500 features a powerful hydraulic system that powers the loader and backhoe attachments. The system allows for smooth, responsive operation of the arms and attachments, making it ideal for tasks like digging trenches, lifting materials, or moving earth.

• Hydraulic Fluid: Regularly check levels and replace the fluid as needed to ensure smooth operation.
  
• Hydraulic System Pressure: The pressure is typically around 2,000 PSI, but this can vary slightly depending on the machine’s configuration.
  

Common problems with the hydraulic system include fluid leaks, low fluid levels, and worn seals. If you notice that the backhoe or loader arms are slow to respond or lack power, the hydraulic system is the first place to check.
Loader and Backhoe Performance
The Ford 5500 is equipped with both a front loader bucket and a rear backhoe arm. This allows the machine to perform a wide variety of tasks, making it a versatile asset for contractors, municipalities, or anyone in need of a reliable, multi-purpose machine.

• Loader Bucket Size: Around 1 cubic yard
  
• Backhoe Arm Reach: Approximately 8–10 feet
  
• Digging Depth: Typically up to 8 feet
  

While the 5500 is not the most powerful machine in its class, its combination of a strong engine, solid hydraulic system, and versatile attachments make it a useful tool for smaller or medium-sized construction jobs.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Despite its solid reputation, the 1968 Ford 5500 is prone to some common issues due to its age. These issues typically involve the engine, hydraulics, and electrical systems. Understanding these common problems and knowing how to troubleshoot them will help keep the machine running smoothly.
1. Hydraulic Leaks and Slow Response
A frequent issue with older backhoes is hydraulic leaks. The Ford 5500 is no exception. Over time, seals and hoses can wear out, leading to fluid loss and slow or unresponsive movements from the loader and backhoe arms.

• Symptoms: Slow or unresponsive hydraulic arms, visible oil leaks around hoses and cylinders.
  
• Solution: Inspect hydraulic hoses, seals, and fittings for wear and tear. Replace any damaged parts immediately to avoid further damage to the hydraulic system. Regularly check hydraulic fluid levels and replace the fluid as necessary.
  

2. Engine Starting Issues
Starting problems are common in older machines, especially if the battery is weak or the fuel system is clogged. Additionally, issues with the starter motor or ignition system can make it difficult to get the machine up and running.

• Symptoms: Engine cranks but doesn’t start, difficulty starting in cold weather, or no cranking at all.
  
• Solution: Check the battery voltage and connections. Clean any corrosion from the terminals. If the starter motor is faulty, it may need to be replaced. Ensure that the fuel lines and fuel filter are clear of blockages. Replacing old spark plugs can also improve starting performance.
  

3. Transmission Slippage
With its manual transmission, the Ford 5500 can suffer from transmission slippage, especially if the clutch is worn or the transmission fluid is dirty.

• Symptoms: Difficulty shifting gears, slipping in gear, or grinding noises.
  
• Solution: Check the transmission fluid level and condition. If the fluid is old or contaminated, replace it. If the clutch is slipping, it may need to be adjusted or replaced.
  

4. Overheating
Overheating is a common issue in older engines, especially during hot weather or heavy use. This can be caused by a lack of coolant or a malfunctioning radiator.

• Symptoms: High engine temperature readings, steam coming from the radiator, or coolant leaks.
  
• Solution: Check the coolant level and ensure that the radiator is clean and free of debris. If the radiator is clogged, clean it with compressed air. Check for leaks in the cooling system and replace any faulty hoses, seals, or water pumps.
  

Maintenance Tips for the Ford 5500
Maintaining the Ford 5500 is crucial to keeping it running efficiently. Here are some important maintenance tips to follow:

• Engine Oil: Change the engine oil every 100–150 hours of operation to keep the engine running smoothly.
  
• Hydraulic Fluid: Check hydraulic fluid levels daily, especially before heavy use. Replace the fluid every 500 hours of operation.
  
• Cooling System: Check the coolant level regularly and flush the radiator every 500 hours of use to prevent overheating.
  
• Transmission: Inspect the transmission fluid every 100 hours and replace it as needed. Keep the clutch adjusted to prevent slippage.
  
• Tires and Tracks: Inspect tires or tracks for wear and ensure proper inflation or tension. Replace worn tires to prevent uneven wear on the drivetrain.
  

Upgrades and Modifications
While the Ford 5500 is an older machine, there are several upgrades and modifications that can enhance its performance:

• Hydraulic System Upgrade: Consider upgrading the hydraulic pump or installing additional hydraulic attachments for improved lifting power and speed.
  
• Engine Overhaul: If the engine is starting to show signs of wear, consider an engine overhaul to restore its performance.
  
• Improved Lighting and Safety Features: Installing modern LED lights and safety equipment can improve visibility and safety, especially during night shifts or in low-visibility environments.
  

Conclusion
The 1968 Ford 5500 is a reliable and versatile machine that has stood the test of time. With its durable engine, simple transmission, and powerful hydraulic system, it remains a popular choice for small-scale contractors and collectors. While it may not have the advanced features of modern machines, it offers an affordable and effective solution for various construction tasks.
Regular maintenance, addressing common issues such as hydraulic leaks and starting problems, and performing timely upgrades can help keep the Ford 5500 operational for many more years. Whether you're a collector, a contractor, or an operator, understanding the 5500’s maintenance needs and common issues will help you get the most out of this vintage loader/backhoe.