Ford 655D Backhoe Swing Cylinder Seal Replacement: A Comprehensive Guide

[MikePhua]

The Ford 655D backhoe loader, introduced in the early 1990s, is renowned for its robust performance and versatility in construction and agricultural applications. One of its critical components is the swing cylinder, responsible for the lateral movement of the backhoe arm. Over time, the seals within these cylinders can wear out, leading to hydraulic fluid leaks and diminished performance. Replacing these seals is essential to maintain the machine's efficiency and longevity.

Understanding the Swing Cylinder Seals
The swing cylinder on the Ford 655D backhoe typically has a bore diameter of 110 mm and a rod diameter of 50 mm. The seal kit designed for this configuration includes various components such as:

• Piston Seals: Prevent hydraulic fluid from bypassing the piston.
  
• Rod Seals: Ensure that hydraulic fluid does not leak past the rod.
  
• Wipers: Remove contaminants from the rod before they enter the cylinder.
  
• Back-up Rings: Provide additional support to seals under high-pressure conditions.
  

These seals are crucial for maintaining the pressure and efficiency of the hydraulic system.

Tools and Equipment Needed
Before commencing the seal replacement process, ensure you have the following tools:

• Wrenches and sockets
  
• Hydraulic jack or lifting equipment
  
• Seal removal and installation tools
  
• Clean rags and solvent for cleaning components
  
• Replacement seal kit (e.g., FP460, 83972202)
  

Step-by-Step Seal Replacement Procedure

1. Preparation:
   • Park the backhoe on a stable, level surface.
     
   • Engage the parking brake and disconnect the battery to ensure safety.
     
2. Remove the Swing Cylinder:
   • Use the hydraulic jack to lift the backhoe arm, relieving pressure on the swing cylinder.
     
   • Disconnect the hydraulic lines from the cylinder ports.
     
   • Remove any securing bolts or pins attaching the cylinder to the backhoe frame.
     
   • Carefully remove the cylinder from its mounting position.
     
3. Disassemble the Cylinder:
   • Place the cylinder on a clean, stable surface.
     
   • Remove the end caps or retaining rings securing the piston and rod.
     
   • Carefully extract the piston from the cylinder bore.
     
   • Remove the old seals from the piston and cylinder components.
     
4. Clean Components:
   • Thoroughly clean all components using a suitable solvent.
     
   • Inspect the cylinder bore and piston for any signs of wear or damage.
     
   • Replace any components that show signs of excessive wear.
     
5. Install New Seals:
   • Lubricate the new seals with clean hydraulic fluid.
     
   • Install the new seals onto the piston and rod, ensuring they are seated correctly.
     
   • Reassemble the cylinder by reversing the disassembly steps.
     
6. Reinstall the Cylinder:
   • Position the cylinder back into its mounting location on the backhoe.
     
   • Secure the cylinder with the appropriate bolts or pins.
     
   • Reconnect the hydraulic lines to the cylinder ports.
     
7. Test the System:
   • Lower the backhoe arm and remove the hydraulic jack.
     
   • Reconnect the battery.
     
   • Operate the backhoe to test the swing cylinder's functionality.
     
   • Check for any signs of hydraulic fluid leaks around the new seals.
     

Maintenance Tips for Prolonged Seal Life

• Regular Inspections: Periodically check the swing cylinder and surrounding components for signs of wear or leaks.
  
• Proper Lubrication: Ensure that the hydraulic system is filled with the manufacturer's recommended hydraulic fluid.
  
• Avoid Contaminants: Keep the cylinder rod clean and free from dirt and debris to prevent damage to seals.
  
• Timely Repairs: Address any hydraulic issues promptly to prevent further damage to the cylinder and seals.
  

Common Issues and Solutions

• Persistent Leaks After Seal Replacement:
  • Possible Cause: Incorrect seal installation or damaged components.
    
  • Solution: Reinspect the seal installation and replace any damaged parts.
    
• Reduced Cylinder Performance:
  • Possible Cause: Air trapped in the hydraulic system.
    
  • Solution: Bleed the hydraulic system to remove any air pockets.
    
• Seal Damage Due to Contamination:
  • Possible Cause: Ingress of dirt or debris into the cylinder.
    
  • Solution: Implement measures to keep the cylinder rod clean and free from contaminants.
    

Case Study: Ford 655D Swing Cylinder Seal Replacement
In a practical scenario, a Ford 655D backhoe owner noticed a significant hydraulic fluid leak from the swing cylinder. Upon inspection, it was determined that the seals were worn and required replacement. The owner followed the aforementioned steps to replace the seals, resulting in the restoration of full functionality to the swing cylinder and elimination of the hydraulic leak.

Conclusion
Replacing the swing cylinder seals on a Ford 655D backhoe is a manageable task that can significantly enhance the machine's performance and extend its service life. By following the outlined procedures and maintenance tips, operators can ensure the efficient operation of their equipment. Always consult the manufacturer's manual for specific instructions and safety precautions.