CAT 320 Track Tension: How to Maintain and Adjust Your Tracks for Optimal Performance

[MikePhua]

The CAT 320 is a highly versatile hydraulic excavator used across a range of industries, from construction to landscaping, and even in mining. One of the most critical maintenance tasks that owners and operators must address is maintaining the proper track tension. Properly adjusted tracks not only enhance the efficiency and performance of the machine, but they also extend the life of the undercarriage components, including the sprockets, rollers, and idlers.
This article explores the importance of track tension in the CAT 320, how to check and adjust it, and the consequences of improper track tension. We will also discuss some tips and best practices for maintaining the track system, ensuring that your CAT 320 operates at peak performance for years to come.
Understanding Track Tension in the CAT 320 Excavator
The undercarriage of a tracked machine, such as the CAT 320, plays a vital role in its overall performance. The tracks are responsible for distributing the weight of the machine evenly across the surface, providing traction and stability, especially on rough or uneven terrain. However, the tension of the tracks must be precisely controlled. If the tracks are too tight or too loose, it can lead to a variety of mechanical issues and safety concerns.
What Happens When Track Tension is Incorrect?
Incorrect track tension can lead to several issues, all of which negatively impact the performance and longevity of your CAT 320. Here are the primary consequences of improper track tension:

1. Excessive Wear and Tear
   If the track tension is too tight, it causes increased friction between the track and the components of the undercarriage, such as the rollers and sprockets. This excess wear can lead to premature failure of these parts, resulting in costly repairs.
   
2. Decreased Traction
   Tracks that are too loose can slip on the ground or the drive wheels, reducing the machine’s traction. This can cause the CAT 320 to become less stable and efficient, particularly when working on inclines or loose soils.
   
3. Damage to the Track Chains
   Improper track tension can also affect the track chains, causing them to elongate or stretch unevenly. This may lead to a misalignment of the tracks, further worsening the issue and leading to costly damage.
   
4. Reduced Fuel Efficiency
   Over-tightened tracks create more rolling resistance, which demands more energy from the engine to move the machine. This, in turn, reduces fuel efficiency and increases operational costs.
   

How to Check the Track Tension on a CAT 320
Before adjusting the track tension, it’s essential to know how to check it accurately. Here’s a step-by-step guide to checking track tension:

1. Position the Excavator on Flat Ground
   To ensure an accurate reading, park the CAT 320 on a level surface, such as a concrete pad or flat dirt. This ensures that the undercarriage is resting evenly and prevents the tracks from sagging or being misaligned during measurement.
   
2. Measure the Track Sag
   The track sag is the distance the track hangs down between the front and rear idler wheels. Using a measuring tape or a track tension gauge, measure the amount of sag in the center of the track. The ideal sag will vary depending on the model, but typically it should be within the range specified in the owner’s manual.
   
3. Compare with Specifications
   Check the owner’s manual or service guide for the recommended track sag for your CAT 320 model. Typically, the ideal sag for a CAT 320 is between 30 to 50 millimeters (1.2 to 2 inches), but always consult your specific model’s documentation.
   
4. Assess the Track Condition
   While measuring the sag, take the opportunity to inspect the condition of the tracks. Check for signs of excessive wear, such as cracks, missing links, or a misaligned track. These issues may indicate that further attention is required.
   

Adjusting the Track Tension on the CAT 320
If you find that the track tension is too loose or too tight, it’s time to make adjustments. Here’s how to adjust the track tension on the CAT 320:

1. Locate the Tensioning Mechanism
   The CAT 320 uses a grease-filled tensioning system, and the adjustment is typically made by adding or removing grease from the track tensioner. Locate the grease nipple or port, usually found near the rear of the track assembly.
   
2. Release the Tension
   Before making any adjustments, ensure the machine is parked on a level surface and the engine is turned off. Use a grease gun to either add or remove grease from the tensioning system. If the tracks are too tight, release some grease; if they are too loose, add grease to increase the tension.
   
3. Monitor the Track Movement
   After making the initial adjustments, move the CAT 320 forward or backward slightly to allow the tracks to settle. Recheck the sag to ensure it falls within the recommended range.
   
4. Repeat if Necessary
   It may take a few attempts to get the tension just right. Always recheck the tension after making an adjustment and make small, incremental changes to avoid over-tightening or over-loosening the tracks.
   

Best Practices for Track Maintenance on the CAT 320
Proper track maintenance goes beyond just adjusting the tension. To ensure the longest lifespan for your tracks and undercarriage components, follow these maintenance tips:

1. Regular Inspections
   Perform routine checks of the undercarriage, including the tracks, rollers, and sprockets. Look for signs of wear, damage, or debris buildup. If you notice any issues, address them immediately to prevent further damage.
   
2. Keep Tracks Clean
   Debris such as mud, rocks, and dirt can accumulate between the track chains and undercarriage components, leading to increased wear and tear. Regularly clean the tracks to remove any material that might cause damage.
   
3. Lubricate the Tracks
   Keep the tracks well-lubricated to reduce friction and minimize wear. Ensure that the grease in the track tensioning system is fresh and maintained at the appropriate levels.
   
4. Avoid Overloading
   Overloading the CAT 320, especially when operating on uneven ground, can place unnecessary stress on the tracks and undercarriage. Follow the manufacturer's recommended load limits and avoid using the machine in overly challenging conditions.
   
5. Operate on Suitable Terrain
   While the CAT 320 is capable of handling rough terrain, always operate the machine on surfaces that are appropriate for the machine’s capabilities. Operating on excessively rocky or soft ground can lead to uneven wear on the tracks.
   

Consequences of Ignoring Track Tension
Neglecting to maintain proper track tension can have serious consequences for your CAT 320. Over time, excessive track wear and damaged components can lead to costly repairs and prolonged downtime. For example, if the tracks are too tight, they can cause overheating and damage to the rollers, idlers, and sprockets. On the other hand, loose tracks can cause the machine to lose stability, decreasing its efficiency and increasing fuel consumption.
Additionally, improper track tension can result in more frequent maintenance and part replacement, which adds to operational costs. By staying proactive with track maintenance, you can avoid these issues and maximize the lifespan of your CAT 320’s undercarriage.
Conclusion
Maintaining the correct track tension is an essential aspect of CAT 320 excavator care. Properly adjusted tracks enhance performance, reduce wear, and improve fuel efficiency, all of which contribute to a more productive and cost-effective operation. By regularly checking and adjusting the track tension and following best maintenance practices, you can ensure the longevity of your machine and avoid expensive repairs. A well-maintained track system is key to maximizing your investment and keeping your CAT 320 running smoothly for years.