Understanding the International 250 B Tractor: Troubleshooting and Maintenance

[MikePhua]

The International 250 B, a part of the International Harvester family, is a utility tractor that has been widely used for various agricultural and industrial applications. While these tractors are known for their ruggedness and reliability, they are not immune to issues that can arise due to age, usage, or lack of proper maintenance. In this article, we’ll explore common problems faced by International 250 B owners, how to troubleshoot them, and the importance of regular upkeep for optimal performance.
Background of the International 250 B Tractor
The International 250 B tractor is a classic piece of machinery designed for small to medium farming tasks such as tilling, plowing, and hauling. Manufactured by International Harvester, the 250 B is part of a line of tractors renowned for their durability and versatility. Over the years, the tractor has become a staple for those working in both agricultural and industrial fields, especially in regions with harsh working conditions.
Despite its reliability, the 250 B is now considered a vintage tractor, and like any aging piece of equipment, it can begin to show signs of wear. Understanding how to diagnose and fix common problems is essential for keeping it running smoothly.
Common Issues with the International 250 B Tractor

1. Engine and Fuel System Problems
   • Starting Issues: One of the most frequent issues reported with older tractors like the 250 B is difficulty starting the engine. This could be due to a variety of reasons, including weak battery, faulty ignition system, or poor fuel quality.
     
   • Fuel Contamination: Over time, dirt, water, or other contaminants can find their way into the fuel system. Contaminated fuel can clog filters, reduce engine performance, and cause stalling or rough running.
     
   • Solution: Check the battery and connections for corrosion, clean the terminals, and ensure the battery is charged. Also, inspect the fuel system for water or contaminants and replace the fuel filters if necessary.
     
2. Transmission and Drive Train Issues
   • Transmission Slipping or Hard Shifting: Another common problem is difficulty when shifting gears or the transmission slipping. This can be caused by low transmission fluid levels, damaged seals, or worn internal components.
     
   • Drive Train Wear: Over time, the components of the drive train, including the gears, shafts, and bearings, may show signs of wear. This could result in reduced power transmission or failure of certain functions like the PTO (Power Take-Off).
     
   • Solution: Regularly check the transmission fluid and change it as recommended by the manufacturer. Inspect the seals and gaskets for any signs of leakage. If you’re experiencing hard shifting, it may be worth checking the clutch adjustment or replacing worn parts in the gearbox.
     
3. Hydraulic System Issues
   • Weak or Inconsistent Hydraulics: The hydraulic system on the International 250 B is responsible for powering attachments and lifting mechanisms. If the hydraulics are weak or inconsistent, it may be due to low hydraulic fluid, air in the system, or failing hydraulic pumps.
     
   • Leaks: Hydraulic fluid leaks are another common issue, often resulting from worn seals or hoses. Leaking fluid can cause pressure drops and reduce the effectiveness of hydraulic-powered components.
     
   • Solution: Inspect the hydraulic fluid level and top it off as needed. If leaks are present, inspect the hoses, seals, and pumps for damage. In the case of air in the system, bleeding the hydraulics may restore proper pressure and function.
     
4. Electrical and Charging System Issues
   • Alternator or Battery Charging Problems: Over time, the alternator or battery charging system can degrade, leading to issues with the electrical system. This can cause the battery to discharge quickly or not charge at all, leaving the tractor without enough power to run.
     
   • Starter Motor Issues: The starter motor, which plays a crucial role in getting the engine going, may fail due to excessive wear or poor electrical connections.
     
   • Solution: Test the alternator and battery with a multimeter to ensure they are charging properly. If the alternator is not producing sufficient voltage, it may need to be replaced. Likewise, check the starter motor and solenoid for functionality.
     

Troubleshooting Common Symptoms

1. Tractor Won’t Start
   • Possible Causes:
     • Faulty ignition system
       
     • Dead battery
       
     • Clogged fuel filter
       
   • Troubleshooting Steps:
     • Check battery voltage and connections.
       
     • Inspect the ignition system, including spark plugs and wiring.
       
     • Examine the fuel filter and replace if clogged.
       
2. Engine Misfires or Runs Rough
   • Possible Causes:
     • Poor fuel quality
       
     • Dirty air filters
       
     • Ignition timing issues
       
   • Troubleshooting Steps:
     • Drain and replace the fuel if it’s contaminated.
       
     • Clean or replace the air filter.
       
     • Verify and adjust ignition timing as needed.
       
3. Hydraulics Not Working Properly
   • Possible Causes:
     • Low hydraulic fluid
       
     • Air in the system
       
     • Worn hydraulic pump
       
   • Troubleshooting Steps:
     • Check hydraulic fluid levels and top them off.
       
     • Inspect for air in the system and bleed the hydraulics.
       
     • Test the hydraulic pump for pressure.
       
4. Transmission Slipping or Hard to Shift
   • Possible Causes:
     • Low transmission fluid
       
     • Worn clutch or gears
       
     • Damaged seals or bearings
       
   • Troubleshooting Steps:
     • Check and replace transmission fluid.
       
     • Inspect the clutch and gearbox for wear or damage.
       
     • Replace any faulty seals or gaskets.
       

Preventive Maintenance Tips
To prevent many of the issues mentioned above, regular preventive maintenance is essential. Here are some key tips for keeping your International 250 B tractor in good working condition:

• Engine Maintenance: Regularly change the oil and filter to ensure optimal engine performance. Keep the air and fuel filters clean to maintain engine efficiency.
  
• Hydraulic Fluid Checks: Keep the hydraulic fluid levels topped off and inspect for leaks. Change the hydraulic fluid and filter as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
  
• Transmission Care: Regularly check the transmission fluid, and ensure the gear shifting mechanism is properly lubricated and free from debris.
  
• Electrical System Inspection: Check the battery and alternator periodically. Clean battery terminals and inspect the charging system for proper voltage output.
  

Conclusion
The International 250 B tractor is a durable and reliable machine, but like any piece of heavy equipment, it requires regular maintenance and attention to keep it running efficiently. By understanding the common issues that affect this tractor and knowing how to troubleshoot and resolve them, owners can ensure that their equipment remains in good working condition for many years. Regular inspections, timely repairs, and preventive maintenance are key to avoiding costly breakdowns and keeping the tractor performing at its best.