Troubleshooting Travel Power Loss on a CAT 953C Track Loader

[MikePhua]

The Caterpillar 953C track loader is a powerful and versatile machine, commonly used for tasks such as earthmoving, material handling, and grading. Its ability to provide efficient power and mobility in various terrains is one of the reasons why it remains a go-to for contractors and operators worldwide. However, like any heavy equipment, the 953C can experience issues that reduce its performance. One of the most common problems faced by operators is travel power loss, where the machine exhibits reduced mobility or power during movement. This issue can severely affect productivity and may indicate a variety of underlying mechanical or hydraulic problems.
In this article, we will dive into the causes of travel power loss in the CAT 953C, explore how to troubleshoot the issue, and provide preventative tips to help keep the machine running at its best.
Understanding Travel Power Loss in the CAT 953C
Travel power loss refers to a situation where the track loader experiences a significant reduction in its ability to move, either when trying to travel at full speed or when attempting to navigate uphill or under heavy loads. This problem can be attributed to several potential issues within the hydraulic or drive system, as both are integral to the loader’s movement.
Key components involved in the travel system of the 953C include:

• Hydraulic Pumps: These provide the necessary fluid pressure to the travel motors.
  
• Travel Motors: They are responsible for converting hydraulic pressure into the mechanical movement needed to propel the loader.
  
• Drive Chains and Sprockets: These transfer power from the travel motors to the tracks.
  
• Electronic Control System: The machine’s control system regulates the power and speed of the tracks, and a malfunction here can also result in reduced power.
  

Symptoms of Travel Power Loss

1. Sluggish Movement: The machine moves slower than usual, particularly when trying to travel under load or up an incline.
   
2. Uneven Speed: One side of the machine may move slower than the other, making it difficult to maintain a straight line.
   
3. Difficulty Climbing: The loader struggles to move uphill or cannot climb slopes that it would typically navigate with ease.
   
4. Unresponsive Controls: The operator may notice that the controls feel unresponsive or sluggish when trying to accelerate or change direction.
   

Possible Causes of Travel Power Loss
There are several potential causes of travel power loss on the CAT 953C, each requiring specific troubleshooting methods. Here are some of the most common culprits:

1. Low Hydraulic Fluid Levels
   • Hydraulic fluid is essential for providing the pressure necessary to power the travel motors. Low levels of fluid can cause a reduction in the machine's hydraulic pressure, leading to sluggish or reduced movement.
     
   Solution: Check the hydraulic fluid level and ensure it is within the specified range. If the level is low, top it up with the correct type of hydraulic oil as recommended by the manufacturer. Additionally, inspect for leaks in the hydraulic system that could be causing fluid loss.
   
2. Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid
   • Over time, hydraulic fluid can become contaminated with dirt, metal shavings, or other debris. Contaminated fluid can cause damage to the hydraulic pumps, motors, and valves, leading to reduced performance and travel power loss.
     
   Solution: If you suspect contaminated fluid, it’s crucial to flush the system and replace the hydraulic fluid and filters. Ensure the fluid is clean and properly filtered to prevent further damage to the hydraulic components.
   
3. Faulty Travel Motors
   • The travel motors are responsible for converting hydraulic pressure into movement. A malfunctioning motor can cause a reduction in travel power or cause one side of the machine to move slower than the other.
     
   Solution: Test the travel motors to check for any signs of wear, leakage, or failure. If a motor is found to be faulty, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
   
4. Clogged or Faulty Pressure Relief Valve
   • The pressure relief valve regulates the amount of pressure that enters the hydraulic system. If this valve becomes clogged or faulty, it may not be able to provide the necessary pressure to the travel motors, leading to travel power loss.
     
   Solution: Inspect and clean or replace the pressure relief valve. Ensure the valve is functioning correctly to allow for the appropriate pressure in the hydraulic system.
   
5. Damaged Drive Chains or Sprockets
   • The drive chains and sprockets are responsible for transferring power from the travel motors to the tracks. If these components become damaged or worn out, they can cause power loss or uneven movement.
     
   Solution: Inspect the drive chains and sprockets for signs of wear, damage, or misalignment. Replace any damaged components to restore proper power transfer to the tracks.
   
6. Transmission Issues
   • The transmission controls the speed and power delivered to the tracks. A malfunction in the transmission can result in a loss of travel power, particularly when trying to move under load or at higher speeds.
     
   Solution: Check the transmission fluid levels and condition. Look for any leaks or signs of wear in the transmission system. If the transmission is failing, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
   
7. Electronic Control Malfunctions
   • The CAT 953C is equipped with an electronic control system that regulates the travel functions of the loader. If the control system malfunctions, it can limit the power sent to the travel motors, causing a loss of power or uneven speed.
     
   Solution: Perform a diagnostic check on the electronic control system to identify any error codes or malfunctions. Recalibrate or replace any faulty components as necessary.
   

Troubleshooting Steps for Travel Power Loss

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Level
   • Begin by checking the hydraulic fluid level. Ensure the loader is on a level surface and check the fluid levels according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. If necessary, add fluid to the required level.
     
2. Inspect for Leaks
   • Inspect the hydraulic system, including hoses, fittings, and pumps, for any visible signs of leaks. If a leak is found, repair or replace the damaged part and top up the hydraulic fluid.
     
3. Replace Hydraulic Fluid and Filters
   • If the hydraulic fluid appears dirty or contaminated, flush the system, replace the fluid, and install new filters. This will help maintain the performance and longevity of the hydraulic components.
     
4. Test Travel Motors
   • Check the travel motors for signs of wear or damage. If there is any indication that the motors are malfunctioning, they may need to be rebuilt or replaced.
     
5. Inspect Pressure Relief Valve
   • Remove and inspect the pressure relief valve for any blockages or damage. Clean or replace the valve as needed to ensure the hydraulic system is receiving the correct pressure.
     
6. Examine Drive Components
   • Inspect the drive chains, sprockets, and final drives for any damage, wear, or misalignment. Replace any components that are not functioning properly to ensure the efficient transfer of power to the tracks.
     
7. Check Transmission and Controls
   • Inspect the transmission fluid and controls for any faults. If the transmission is slipping or malfunctioning, a more in-depth inspection may be required. Consult the service manual for specific diagnostic steps.
     

Preventative Maintenance Tips for the CAT 953C

1. Regular Fluid Checks
   • Regularly monitor and maintain the hydraulic and transmission fluid levels to ensure optimal performance. Clean, replace, or top up fluids as needed, and always use the recommended fluid types.
     
2. Scheduled Inspections
   • Perform regular inspections of the hydraulic system, travel motors, drive components, and transmission. Catching wear and tear early can prevent larger issues and costly repairs down the line.
     
3. Clean and Change Filters
   • Regularly clean or replace hydraulic filters and air filters to ensure the smooth operation of the loader. Dirty filters can cause system failures and reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic system.
     
4. Monitor Operational Conditions
   • Avoid overloading the machine or using it in excessively harsh conditions that may stress the hydraulic or drive systems. Monitor the loader’s performance, especially during high-demand tasks.
     

Conclusion
Travel power loss in the CAT 953C track loader can be caused by a variety of factors, from low hydraulic fluid levels to more complex issues like faulty travel motors or transmission problems. By following a systematic troubleshooting approach and performing regular maintenance, operators can quickly diagnose and resolve power loss issues. Proper care, including frequent fluid checks, cleaning, and part inspections, will ensure that the CAT 953C continues to perform reliably and efficiently for years to come.