Troubleshooting Bobcat 863 Lift and Tilt Problems

[MikePhua]

The Bobcat 863 skid steer loader, a versatile piece of machinery widely used in construction and landscaping, is known for its compact size, powerful performance, and flexibility in various tasks. However, like any piece of heavy equipment, it can experience mechanical issues over time. One common problem that Bobcat 863 operators may encounter is issues with the lift and tilt functions, which are essential for handling heavy loads, loading materials, and performing other key tasks.
In this article, we will explore the causes behind lift and tilt problems on the Bobcat 863, provide a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting these issues, and suggest solutions to get the machine back to optimal performance.
Understanding the Lift and Tilt Mechanisms
Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s important to understand how the lift and tilt systems work on the Bobcat 863. These systems are typically hydraulic, meaning they rely on hydraulic fluid and a network of hoses, pumps, and cylinders to perform their functions.

1. Lift Mechanism: The lift function is responsible for raising and lowering the arms of the skid steer, allowing it to lift and move heavy loads. This is accomplished through hydraulic cylinders that extend and retract based on the operator’s commands.
   
2. Tilt Mechanism: The tilt function controls the angle of the attachment (such as a bucket or fork) relative to the ground. It allows the operator to tilt the attachment forward or backward, improving control when scooping or dumping materials.
   

Both of these functions are controlled by the operator through joystick or foot controls, which send signals to the hydraulic system, activating the respective cylinders.
Common Causes of Lift and Tilt Problems
When the lift or tilt function of a Bobcat 863 fails to perform as expected, it can be due to several underlying issues. Here are the most common causes:

1. Low Hydraulic Fluid Levels:
   • Hydraulic fluid is the lifeblood of the lift and tilt systems, as it transmits force to the hydraulic cylinders. If the fluid level is too low, the hydraulic system will not be able to generate the necessary pressure to operate the lift and tilt mechanisms properly. This often leads to slow or non-responsive movements.
     
2. Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid:
   • Over time, hydraulic fluid can become contaminated with dirt, debris, or metal shavings. This contamination can clog the system, causing a reduction in hydraulic pressure and preventing the lift and tilt functions from operating smoothly. It can also cause excessive wear on the hydraulic components.
     
3. Faulty Hydraulic Pump:
   • The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating the hydraulic pressure needed to power the lift and tilt cylinders. A malfunctioning or worn-out hydraulic pump may fail to generate sufficient pressure, causing sluggish or unresponsive lift and tilt actions.
     
4. Damaged or Worn Hydraulic Hoses:
   • Hydraulic hoses are critical for transporting fluid to and from the hydraulic cylinders. If any of the hoses are cracked, damaged, or leaking, they can cause a loss of hydraulic pressure. This can lead to the lift and tilt functions not responding properly or even failing completely.
     
5. Faulty Control Valves:
   • The control valves are responsible for directing the hydraulic fluid to the appropriate cylinders. If these valves are clogged, damaged, or malfunctioning, it can result in improper fluid flow, which directly impacts the lift and tilt actions.
     
6. Air in the Hydraulic System:
   • Air can enter the hydraulic system through leaks in the hoses, fittings, or seals. When air is present in the system, it disrupts the flow of hydraulic fluid, leading to erratic or incomplete movement of the lift and tilt functions.
     
7. Electrical Issues:
   • While the Bobcat 863 uses hydraulic controls, there are also electronic systems involved in controlling the hydraulics. A malfunctioning switch, wiring issue, or sensor can prevent the operator’s inputs from being accurately transmitted to the hydraulic system, causing lift and tilt problems.
     
8. Faulty Lift or Tilt Cylinders:
   • The hydraulic cylinders themselves may become worn out or damaged over time, causing them to lose their ability to generate the force required for lifting or tilting. This is especially true if the seals inside the cylinders have worn out, allowing fluid to leak out.
     

Troubleshooting the Lift and Tilt Issues
If you’re experiencing lift or tilt problems with your Bobcat 863, follow these steps to diagnose and resolve the issue:

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels:
   • Begin by checking the hydraulic fluid level in the reservoir. Refer to the Bobcat 863 owner’s manual for the correct fluid type and fill levels. If the fluid is low, top it up with the appropriate hydraulic fluid.
     
   • If you need to add fluid, ensure that it’s clean and free from contamination. After adding fluid, start the machine and check the operation of the lift and tilt functions.
     
2. Inspect for Contaminated Fluid:
   • If you suspect that the hydraulic fluid is contaminated, it may be time for a fluid change. Drain the existing fluid, replace the hydraulic filter, and refill with clean fluid. Contaminated fluid can cause further damage to the hydraulic pump and cylinders, so replacing it is crucial to restoring the system’s functionality.
     
3. Examine Hydraulic Hoses:
   • Inspect all hydraulic hoses for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. If any hoses are damaged, they should be replaced immediately. Leaking hoses can cause a loss of pressure, which leads to erratic behavior in the lift and tilt systems.
     
4. Test the Hydraulic Pump:
   • If the fluid levels are adequate and the hoses are intact, but the lift and tilt functions are still slow or unresponsive, the hydraulic pump may be malfunctioning. Check the pump for any signs of damage or wear. If necessary, replace the pump to restore normal operation.
     
5. Inspect the Control Valves:
   • Control valves can become clogged or damaged over time, leading to fluid flow problems. Inspect the valves for debris or damage, and clean or replace them as needed. Make sure that the valves are properly seated and functioning as intended.
     
6. Bleed the Hydraulic System:
   • If air has entered the hydraulic system, it can disrupt fluid flow and cause erratic behavior. Bleeding the system involves releasing trapped air from the hydraulic lines. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to properly bleed the system, and then test the lift and tilt functions again.
     
7. Check Electrical Connections:
   • Electrical issues can interfere with the hydraulic controls. Inspect the wiring, switches, and sensors related to the lift and tilt functions. Look for loose connections, damaged wires, or faulty sensors that may be preventing proper operation. Replace or repair any faulty electrical components.
     
8. Inspect the Lift and Tilt Cylinders:
   • Finally, if all other components appear to be functioning properly, inspect the lift and tilt cylinders. Look for any signs of leakage around the seals or signs of damage to the cylinders themselves. If the cylinders are worn or damaged, they may need to be repaired or replaced.
     

Preventing Future Lift and Tilt Problems
Once you've resolved the current lift and tilt issues on your Bobcat 863, it’s important to take steps to prevent similar problems in the future. Regular maintenance is key to keeping the machine running smoothly:

1. Perform Regular Hydraulic System Checks:
   • Regularly check the hydraulic fluid levels and inspect for leaks or contamination. Keeping the hydraulic system clean and properly maintained will help prevent many common lift and tilt problems.
     
2. Schedule Routine Fluid Changes:
   • Change the hydraulic fluid and filters at the recommended intervals to ensure the system remains in good condition. Using the correct fluid is essential for the longevity of the hydraulic components.
     
3. Maintain Hydraulic Hoses and Components:
   • Inspect the hydraulic hoses and fittings regularly to ensure they are free from cracks, wear, and leaks. Replace any worn or damaged hoses immediately to avoid pressure loss.
     
4. Test the Control System Periodically:
   • Test the lift and tilt functions periodically to ensure they are operating smoothly. Any signs of slow movement or unresponsiveness should be addressed promptly before they lead to more serious issues.
     
5. Monitor Operating Conditions:
   • Avoid overloading the machine or using it on uneven terrain that may put undue stress on the lift and tilt systems. Always follow the manufacturer's guidelines for load capacity and operating conditions.
     

Conclusion
The Bobcat 863 is a reliable and powerful skid steer loader, but like any machine, it can experience issues with the lift and tilt functions over time. By understanding the common causes of lift and tilt problems and following the troubleshooting steps outlined in this article, operators can quickly diagnose and fix issues, ensuring that their equipment remains in top working condition.
Regular maintenance, proper fluid management, and prompt repairs are the keys to preventing lift and tilt issues and extending the life of the Bobcat 863. By staying proactive and addressing problems early, operators can maintain optimal performance and ensure safety on the job site.