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Excavators are indispensable machines in construction, mining, landscaping, and other heavy industries. Whether you’re digging foundations, clearing land, or moving materials, an excavator is often the most efficient tool for the job. However, purchasing a brand-new excavator can be a significant financial investment, leading many businesses to opt for used models. Buying used equipment can be a smart financial decision, but it requires careful consideration to avoid potential pitfalls. This article offers a detailed guide on what to look for when purchasing a used excavator, highlighting key factors, common issues, and practical advice for making a sound investment.
Why Consider Buying a Used Excavator?
Purchasing a used excavator can offer numerous advantages:
1. Age and Hours of Operation
The age and number of hours the excavator has worked are crucial factors in determining its condition. Most excavators can last for thousands of hours if well-maintained, but the number of hours indicates how much wear the machine has undergone. Typically, you want to look for excavators that have been well-maintained, with moderate hours and minimal wear.
The undercarriage of an excavator is one of the most expensive components to replace. Therefore, checking its condition is essential. Key elements to inspect include:
The engine and hydraulic system are the heart of the excavator. Faults in these systems can lead to costly repairs or even catastrophic failure.
The condition of the bucket and other attachments is another important consideration. Check for:
Excavators today come with sophisticated electronic controls and features that help improve efficiency and performance. When buying a used model, check that the electronics and controls are functioning properly.
Hydraulic leaks, engine oil leaks, or coolant leaks can all be signs of internal issues or improper maintenance. While minor leaks can often be repaired easily, major leaks can be a sign of deeper mechanical problems.
7. Previous Use and Application
Ask the seller about the machine’s previous use. Excavators that have been used on more demanding jobs like demolition or quarry work will likely have more wear and tear compared to those used for lighter tasks such as landscaping or roadwork.
There are several reliable sources for purchasing used excavators:
While used excavators can provide great value, certain issues are more common in older models. Some of the most common problems to watch out for include:
In a recent example, a construction company purchased a used Komatsu PC200 excavator from an online marketplace at a seemingly good price. The machine appeared to be in good condition with low operating hours and was advertised as having been well-maintained. However, after the purchase, the company discovered that the machine had a significant hydraulic leak that wasn’t disclosed by the seller. The repair costs for the hydraulic system ended up being nearly as much as the cost of the machine itself. This highlights the importance of thoroughly inspecting used equipment and asking for maintenance records before committing to a purchase.
Conclusion
Buying a used excavator can be a smart way to acquire the equipment you need at a fraction of the cost of new models. However, it requires due diligence to avoid potential problems and ensure that you’re getting a reliable machine. By focusing on key factors such as the machine’s age, hours of operation, undercarriage condition, hydraulic system, and maintenance records, you can make an informed decision and avoid costly mistakes. Whether you’re purchasing from a dealer, an online marketplace, or an auction, always ensure that the excavator meets your needs and is in good working condition before finalizing the deal.
Why Consider Buying a Used Excavator?
Purchasing a used excavator can offer numerous advantages:
- Cost Savings: Used excavators are generally much cheaper than new ones, allowing you to save significant amounts of money while still acquiring a high-quality machine.
- Immediate Availability: Used equipment is often readily available, reducing the waiting time that is typically required when ordering new machinery.
- Depreciation: New machines can lose their value quickly, sometimes by as much as 30% or more in the first year. Used excavators have already gone through the bulk of their depreciation, which means you can get more value for your money.
- Established Track Record: When buying used, you can often see how the machine has performed over its lifetime, allowing you to gauge its reliability and durability.
1. Age and Hours of Operation
The age and number of hours the excavator has worked are crucial factors in determining its condition. Most excavators can last for thousands of hours if well-maintained, but the number of hours indicates how much wear the machine has undergone. Typically, you want to look for excavators that have been well-maintained, with moderate hours and minimal wear.
- Ideal Hour Range: A good rule of thumb is to aim for excavators with fewer than 5,000 hours of use if you’re looking for long-term reliability.
- Maintenance Records: Always ask for detailed maintenance records. Well-maintained machines will usually perform better and have a longer lifespan.
The undercarriage of an excavator is one of the most expensive components to replace. Therefore, checking its condition is essential. Key elements to inspect include:
- Tracks: Look for signs of wear such as cracks, deep grooves, or missing pieces of the track pads. Excessive wear indicates that the excavator may have been used on rough terrains or not properly maintained.
- Rollers and Idlers: Inspect these components for leaks or unusual wear. Uneven wear may indicate misalignment or suspension issues.
- Track Tension: Make sure the tracks are properly tensioned. Tracks that are too loose or too tight can cause premature wear and damage.
The engine and hydraulic system are the heart of the excavator. Faults in these systems can lead to costly repairs or even catastrophic failure.
- Engine Condition: Check for any oil leaks or signs of overheating. Listen for unusual noises or irregular sounds when starting the engine.
- Hydraulic System: Inspect the hydraulic hoses, cylinders, and valves for leaks, cracks, or wear. Low hydraulic pressure or slow movement of the boom and bucket may indicate problems with the hydraulic system.
The condition of the bucket and other attachments is another important consideration. Check for:
- Bucket Wear: Look for excessive wear, cracks, or damage, especially around the edges and teeth. These are common areas where damage occurs during use.
- Attachments: Some excavators come with additional attachments like grapples, rippers, or augers. If the machine includes these, ensure they are in good condition and compatible with your needs.
Excavators today come with sophisticated electronic controls and features that help improve efficiency and performance. When buying a used model, check that the electronics and controls are functioning properly.
- Joystick and Control Systems: Test the joysticks and control levers to ensure they are smooth and responsive. Stiff or unresponsive controls may indicate internal issues.
- Display and Monitoring Systems: Ensure the machine’s display, including temperature, fuel, and hydraulic pressure gauges, is operational.
Hydraulic leaks, engine oil leaks, or coolant leaks can all be signs of internal issues or improper maintenance. While minor leaks can often be repaired easily, major leaks can be a sign of deeper mechanical problems.
7. Previous Use and Application
Ask the seller about the machine’s previous use. Excavators that have been used on more demanding jobs like demolition or quarry work will likely have more wear and tear compared to those used for lighter tasks such as landscaping or roadwork.
- Heavy-duty Use: Excavators used in demolition or mining may have undergone more stress and might require more maintenance or repairs.
- Light-duty Use: Machines that have been used for lighter tasks are typically in better condition.
There are several reliable sources for purchasing used excavators:
- Dealers: Authorized dealers are a good option because they often inspect the machines before resale. They may also offer warranties or support after the sale.
- Online Marketplaces: Websites like MachineryTrader, IronPlanet, and Ritchie Bros. offer large selections of used excavators from various sellers. These platforms often provide detailed inspection reports and offer equipment financing options.
- Private Sellers: Purchasing from a private seller can sometimes lead to a better deal, but it also carries more risk. Always ask for maintenance records and inspect the equipment thoroughly.
- Auctions: Auctions can be a great place to find good deals on used excavators. However, it’s essential to attend or view the auction in person to inspect the machinery, as auction companies often sell machines "as is."
While used excavators can provide great value, certain issues are more common in older models. Some of the most common problems to watch out for include:
- Excessive Track Wear: Especially on models used in rough or rocky terrain, track wear is a common issue. Track pads, rollers, and the undercarriage can be costly to replace.
- Hydraulic Failures: Leaking seals, damaged hoses, or inefficient hydraulics can be a big problem in older machines. Repairs to hydraulic systems are often expensive and time-consuming.
- Engine Problems: Worn-out engines or overheating can be costly repairs. Pay attention to engine health, and always ask for a compression test to gauge the engine’s condition.
- Electrical Issues: As excavators become more electronic, electrical problems become more common. Problems with sensors, wiring, or control systems can be difficult to diagnose and repair.
In a recent example, a construction company purchased a used Komatsu PC200 excavator from an online marketplace at a seemingly good price. The machine appeared to be in good condition with low operating hours and was advertised as having been well-maintained. However, after the purchase, the company discovered that the machine had a significant hydraulic leak that wasn’t disclosed by the seller. The repair costs for the hydraulic system ended up being nearly as much as the cost of the machine itself. This highlights the importance of thoroughly inspecting used equipment and asking for maintenance records before committing to a purchase.
Conclusion
Buying a used excavator can be a smart way to acquire the equipment you need at a fraction of the cost of new models. However, it requires due diligence to avoid potential problems and ensure that you’re getting a reliable machine. By focusing on key factors such as the machine’s age, hours of operation, undercarriage condition, hydraulic system, and maintenance records, you can make an informed decision and avoid costly mistakes. Whether you’re purchasing from a dealer, an online marketplace, or an auction, always ensure that the excavator meets your needs and is in good working condition before finalizing the deal.
