Understanding Steering Issues in Lull Telehandlers: A Detailed Troubleshooting Guide

[MikePhua]

Telehandlers, like the Lull 944E-42, are specialized pieces of equipment widely used on construction sites for lifting, carrying, and moving heavy loads in areas where traditional forklifts or cranes may not be able to reach. They offer versatility with their long-reaching booms and can rotate, allowing for significant mobility. However, like any complex machinery, they are susceptible to various issues, particularly related to their steering system.
In this article, we’ll dive deep into the steering scenario that can occur in the Lull 944E-42 telehandler, explaining the potential causes, troubleshooting methods, and offering useful tips for keeping your telehandler in good working condition.
Understanding the Steering System of Lull 944E-42
Before delving into specific issues, it’s important to understand the basic mechanics of the steering system in a telehandler like the Lull 944E-42.
The telehandler’s steering system generally works in a few different modes, including:

• 4-wheel steering: The front and rear wheels steer to allow the machine to pivot in tighter spaces.
  
• 2-wheel steering: Typically used for standard forward or backward movement.
  
• Crab steering: Allows both the front and rear wheels to turn in the same direction, giving the machine the ability to move sideways.
  

The Lull 944E-42 utilizes a hydrostatic steering system, which uses hydraulic pressure to turn the wheels, ensuring smooth and precise movement. The system is often powered by hydraulic pumps and controlled by valves, which manage the direction and speed of the wheels.
Common Steering Problems in Lull 944E-42 Telehandlers
Like many heavy-duty machines, telehandlers can experience steering problems due to various reasons. Below are some common steering issues that might occur:
1. Loss of Steering Control
Symptoms:

• The steering wheel becomes unresponsive or very difficult to turn.
  
• The telehandler may become difficult to maneuver, especially at slow speeds or when trying to make tight turns.
  
• You may also notice a grinding or whining noise coming from the steering area.
  

Potential Causes:

• Low hydraulic fluid or contaminated hydraulic fluid: If the hydraulic fluid is too low or dirty, the system may fail to generate enough pressure, making steering difficult or unresponsive.
  
• Faulty hydraulic pump or motor: A malfunctioning pump or motor can cause a lack of steering response, as the system needs the pump to provide adequate pressure for fluid flow.
  
• Worn steering components: Over time, steering components like hoses, valves, or seals can wear out and lead to leaks or pressure drops in the system.
  

Solution:

• Check the hydraulic fluid levels and quality. If it’s low or contaminated, replace it with fresh fluid that meets the manufacturer’s specifications.
  
• Inspect the hydraulic pump, steering motor, and all associated components for signs of wear or leaks.
  
• Replace any damaged hoses, seals, or valves.
  

2. Uneven or Jerky Steering
Symptoms:

• The steering system responds with uneven or jerky movements.
  
• The machine may hesitate or make sudden, uncontrolled movements when trying to steer.
  

Potential Causes:

• Air in the hydraulic system: Air pockets can form in the hydraulic system, leading to inconsistent fluid pressure, which causes jerky steering.
  
• Improper hydraulic fluid: Using the wrong type of hydraulic fluid can cause the steering system to behave erratically.
  
• Faulty steering valve: The steering valve regulates the hydraulic flow to the wheels. If it becomes faulty, it may result in uneven fluid flow and jerky movements.
  

Solution:

• Bleed the hydraulic system to remove any trapped air. This involves running the machine while turning the steering wheel from one extreme to the other to purge air pockets.
  
• Check the fluid type and make sure it meets the specifications for the system. Replace with the correct fluid if needed.
  
• Inspect the steering valve for issues, such as sticking or malfunctioning, and replace it if necessary.
  

3. Steering Drift (Pulling to One Side)
Symptoms:

• The telehandler consistently drifts to one side while driving straight, requiring the operator to constantly adjust the steering wheel to maintain a straight line.
  

Potential Causes:

• Uneven tire pressure: Low or uneven tire pressure can affect the alignment of the wheels, causing the machine to pull in one direction.
  
• Misalignment of the steering system: A misaligned steering mechanism, such as worn-out steering linkages, can cause the wheels to be out of alignment, leading to a constant pull.
  
• Hydraulic imbalance: An imbalance in hydraulic pressure between the two sides of the steering system can cause one side to work harder than the other, leading to uneven steering.
  

Solution:

• Check the tire pressure and ensure it’s even across all tires.
  
• Inspect the steering linkages and tie rods for wear or damage. Replace any worn components.
  
• Balance the hydraulic system by ensuring that fluid is circulating evenly on both sides. This may require checking valves, lines, and pumps for proper function.
  

4. Steering Overheating
Symptoms:

• The steering system feels sluggish after prolonged use.
  
• Overheating or a burning smell is noticed around the steering components.
  

Potential Causes:

• Clogged hydraulic filter: A clogged filter can restrict the flow of hydraulic fluid, causing the system to overheat and work less efficiently.
  
• Faulty cooling system: The system that cools the hydraulic fluid may be malfunctioning, leading to excessive heat buildup.
  

Solution:

• Clean or replace the hydraulic filter to ensure proper fluid flow.
  
• Check the cooling system and ensure that it’s working efficiently. This may involve cleaning the radiator, checking coolant levels, or inspecting the cooling fan.
  

General Troubleshooting Steps for Steering Problems
If you encounter a steering issue on your Lull 944E-42 or any similar telehandler, here’s a step-by-step approach you can follow to identify the problem:

1. Inspect Fluid Levels:
   • Check the hydraulic fluid levels and quality. Add or replace fluid if necessary. Contaminated or old fluid should always be replaced.
     
2. Check for Leaks:
   • Inspect all hydraulic lines, hoses, and seals for any visible leaks. Even a small leak can cause significant problems with hydraulic pressure.
     
3. Check the Steering Linkages:
   • Look at the steering components (tie rods, linkages, and joints) to ensure they are properly connected and not worn out. Replace any damaged parts.
     
4. Test the Pump and Motor:
   • If the machine is not responding properly, test the hydraulic pump and steering motor to ensure they are functioning correctly.
     
5. Check Tires:
   • Uneven tire pressure or worn-out tires can lead to steering issues. Ensure that all tires are properly inflated and in good condition.
     
6. Inspect the Steering Valve:
   • If you suspect the valve is at fault, test it for functionality. If it’s malfunctioning, it should be replaced.
     

Conclusion: Preventative Measures and Maintenance
As with all heavy equipment, the key to avoiding steering problems in the Lull 944E-42 lies in regular maintenance and early detection of potential issues. By performing regular checks on the hydraulic system, steering components, and tires, you can prevent many common problems that arise with steering. Additionally, always use the recommended hydraulic fluid and stay on top of routine repairs to ensure your telehandler operates at its best.
When problems do arise, acting quickly and diagnosing the issue can help you avoid expensive repairs and reduce downtime. Keep a maintenance log, and remember that your telehandler’s steering system is just as crucial to its operation as its lifting capacity. By taking good care of it, you can ensure smooth, efficient, and safe operation on the job site for years to come.