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Hydraulic systems are at the heart of backhoe loaders, enabling them to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently. However, when hydraulic systems start malfunctioning, it can lead to erratic behavior such as jerky or unpredictable movements. This issue, often referred to as "herky-jerky" movements, can affect all hydraulic functions on the backhoe, including the bucket, arm, and steering controls. Addressing these issues promptly is crucial to maintaining the performance and longevity of the machine.
This article will explore the potential causes of jerky hydraulic movements in backhoes, provide troubleshooting steps, and discuss preventative measures to keep your hydraulic systems running smoothly.
What Is Hydraulic "Herky-Jerky" Movement?
"Herky-jerky" is a colloquial term used to describe erratic, jerky, or sudden movements in hydraulic-operated machinery, like backhoes. It is often experienced during operation when the machine’s hydraulic system struggles to deliver smooth, consistent pressure to the different components. This can cause sudden stops or starts in the movement of the backhoe’s arm, bucket, or steering controls, making it difficult to operate with precision.
Hydraulic systems depend on fluid flow and pressure to perform smooth, controlled movements. When the system's fluid flow is disrupted or when there are issues with pressure, it leads to erratic movement and reduced control over the equipment.
Common Causes of Jerky Hydraulic Movements
On a busy construction site in New York, a backhoe began exhibiting jerky movements in all its hydraulic functions, making it difficult for the operator to perform grading tasks. The operator first checked the hydraulic fluid level, which was normal, but the issue persisted. Upon further investigation, the mechanic discovered that air had entered the hydraulic system through a small crack in a hose.
The crack allowed air to mix with the hydraulic fluid, causing the jerky movement in the arms and bucket. After replacing the damaged hose and purging the system of air, the backhoe was back to normal operation, and the jerky movements stopped completely. The team saved valuable time by identifying and fixing the issue quickly.
Conclusion
Jerky hydraulic movements in backhoes can be a frustrating issue, but understanding the potential causes and troubleshooting methods can help you identify and resolve the problem efficiently. By checking for low fluid levels, air in the system, contamination, leaks, or pump issues, you can restore your backhoe’s hydraulic system to smooth operation. Regular maintenance, including fluid changes, filter replacement, and hose inspections, is essential to prevent future hydraulic problems and ensure the longevity of your backhoe.
This article will explore the potential causes of jerky hydraulic movements in backhoes, provide troubleshooting steps, and discuss preventative measures to keep your hydraulic systems running smoothly.
What Is Hydraulic "Herky-Jerky" Movement?
"Herky-jerky" is a colloquial term used to describe erratic, jerky, or sudden movements in hydraulic-operated machinery, like backhoes. It is often experienced during operation when the machine’s hydraulic system struggles to deliver smooth, consistent pressure to the different components. This can cause sudden stops or starts in the movement of the backhoe’s arm, bucket, or steering controls, making it difficult to operate with precision.
Hydraulic systems depend on fluid flow and pressure to perform smooth, controlled movements. When the system's fluid flow is disrupted or when there are issues with pressure, it leads to erratic movement and reduced control over the equipment.
Common Causes of Jerky Hydraulic Movements
- Low Hydraulic Fluid Level
One of the simplest causes of jerky hydraulic movements is low hydraulic fluid levels. Hydraulic fluid is essential for maintaining proper pressure and flow through the system. If the fluid level is too low, it can lead to air being sucked into the system, which causes erratic movements and poor performance.
Signs of Low Fluid Level:- Sudden jerks or stuttering in hydraulic movements
- Inconsistent control response
- Fluid level gauge reading below recommended levels
- Sudden jerks or stuttering in hydraulic movements
- Air in the Hydraulic System
Air bubbles in the hydraulic fluid, often referred to as "aeration," can lead to jerky hydraulic functions. Air can enter the system through leaks in the hoses or seals, and when air mixes with hydraulic fluid, it disrupts the smooth flow of the fluid. This causes the hydraulic components to respond erratically.
Signs of Aeration:- Jerky movements during operation
- Unusual sounds (gurgling or bubbling noises) from the hydraulic system
- Fluid foaming in the reservoir
- Jerky movements during operation
- Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid
Contaminants such as dirt, water, or debris in the hydraulic fluid can cause several issues, including poor lubrication, blocked fluid passages, and inconsistent pressure. Dirty fluid can damage the internal components of the hydraulic system and lead to erratic or jerky movements.
Signs of Contaminated Fluid:- Unusual noise coming from the hydraulic pump
- Overheating of the hydraulic system
- Sluggish or jerky movement in the backhoe’s controls
- Unusual noise coming from the hydraulic pump
- Faulty Hydraulic Pump
The hydraulic pump is responsible for generating the pressure needed to operate the hydraulic system. If the pump is worn out, damaged, or malfunctioning, it may not deliver consistent pressure, leading to jerky movements in all hydraulic functions.
Signs of a Faulty Hydraulic Pump:- Jerky movements that worsen with time
- Increased engine load or strain
- Unusual whining noises from the pump
- Jerky movements that worsen with time
- Worn or Damaged Hydraulic Valves
Hydraulic valves control the flow of hydraulic fluid to various parts of the machine. If these valves become worn, dirty, or damaged, they may fail to regulate the fluid flow properly, causing erratic movements.
Signs of Valve Issues:- Delayed or jerky response from the control levers
- Uneven or inconsistent pressure in the hydraulic system
- Difficulty controlling movement, such as the bucket or arm
- Delayed or jerky response from the control levers
- Clogged Hydraulic Filters
Hydraulic filters are responsible for cleaning the hydraulic fluid and preventing contaminants from entering the system. If the filters become clogged or dirty, they can restrict fluid flow and lead to erratic movements.
Signs of Clogged Filters:- Reduced performance or jerky movements in all hydraulic functions
- Overheating of the hydraulic fluid
- Increased pressure in the hydraulic system
- Reduced performance or jerky movements in all hydraulic functions
- Leaking Seals or Hoses
Leaks in hydraulic seals or hoses can cause a loss of pressure and introduce air into the system. Even small leaks can result in a significant decrease in the system’s efficiency, leading to jerky movements.
Signs of Leaks:- Visible hydraulic fluid around hoses or seals
- A decrease in hydraulic power or performance
- Difficulty in maintaining consistent pressure
- Visible hydraulic fluid around hoses or seals
- Check the Hydraulic Fluid Level
- Begin by checking the hydraulic fluid level. Make sure it is at the recommended level as indicated in the operator's manual.
- If the fluid level is low, top it up with the correct type of hydraulic fluid.
- After refilling, operate the machine to see if the jerky movements subside.
- Begin by checking the hydraulic fluid level. Make sure it is at the recommended level as indicated in the operator's manual.
- Inspect for Air in the System
- Check for air in the hydraulic fluid by looking for signs of aeration, such as foaming or bubbling fluid in the reservoir.
- If air is present, it may indicate a leak in the hydraulic lines or seals. Inspect the hoses and seals for cracks, wear, or damage.
- Repair any leaks and purge the air from the system by following the manufacturer's recommended procedure.
- Check for air in the hydraulic fluid by looking for signs of aeration, such as foaming or bubbling fluid in the reservoir.
- Replace the Hydraulic Fluid
- If the fluid is contaminated or discolored, replace it with fresh hydraulic fluid.
- Clean the fluid reservoir and replace the hydraulic filters before filling the system with new fluid.
- Ensure that you are using the correct grade and type of hydraulic fluid for your backhoe.
- If the fluid is contaminated or discolored, replace it with fresh hydraulic fluid.
- Examine the Hydraulic Pump
- If the problem persists, check the hydraulic pump for any signs of wear or failure. Look for strange noises such as whining or grinding, which can indicate a faulty pump.
- A malfunctioning pump may need to be repaired or replaced. Consult the manufacturer’s guide for the correct pump specifications.
- If the problem persists, check the hydraulic pump for any signs of wear or failure. Look for strange noises such as whining or grinding, which can indicate a faulty pump.
- Inspect and Clean Hydraulic Valves
- Inspect the hydraulic valves for any damage or blockages. If you suspect an issue with a valve, clean it and check for proper operation.
- If the valve is damaged, replace it with a new one to restore proper hydraulic fluid control.
- Inspect the hydraulic valves for any damage or blockages. If you suspect an issue with a valve, clean it and check for proper operation.
- Check Hydraulic Filters and Replace if Necessary
- Inspect the hydraulic filters for dirt and debris. Replace clogged filters to ensure smooth fluid flow.
- A clogged filter can significantly reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic system and cause jerky movements.
- Inspect the hydraulic filters for dirt and debris. Replace clogged filters to ensure smooth fluid flow.
- Fix Leaks in Seals or Hoses
- Check all hydraulic hoses and seals for signs of leaks. Even small leaks can affect hydraulic performance.
- Replace damaged hoses or seals to restore proper pressure and prevent air from entering the system.
- Check all hydraulic hoses and seals for signs of leaks. Even small leaks can affect hydraulic performance.
On a busy construction site in New York, a backhoe began exhibiting jerky movements in all its hydraulic functions, making it difficult for the operator to perform grading tasks. The operator first checked the hydraulic fluid level, which was normal, but the issue persisted. Upon further investigation, the mechanic discovered that air had entered the hydraulic system through a small crack in a hose.
The crack allowed air to mix with the hydraulic fluid, causing the jerky movement in the arms and bucket. After replacing the damaged hose and purging the system of air, the backhoe was back to normal operation, and the jerky movements stopped completely. The team saved valuable time by identifying and fixing the issue quickly.
Conclusion
Jerky hydraulic movements in backhoes can be a frustrating issue, but understanding the potential causes and troubleshooting methods can help you identify and resolve the problem efficiently. By checking for low fluid levels, air in the system, contamination, leaks, or pump issues, you can restore your backhoe’s hydraulic system to smooth operation. Regular maintenance, including fluid changes, filter replacement, and hose inspections, is essential to prevent future hydraulic problems and ensure the longevity of your backhoe.
