Finding a Used Excavator: Key Considerations and Tips for Success

[MikePhua]

Purchasing a used excavator can be an excellent way to expand your fleet without breaking the bank. Whether you're working on a construction site, a landscaping project, or any other heavy-duty task, an excavator offers unmatched power and precision for digging, lifting, and maneuvering materials. However, buying used equipment requires careful inspection, understanding of market value, and knowledge of potential issues that might arise. In this article, we’ll explore the important factors to consider when buying a used excavator, what to look for during the inspection, and how to ensure you’re making a smart investment.
Why Choose a Used Excavator?
Excavators are essential equipment on construction sites, capable of digging trenches, lifting heavy loads, and even demolishing structures. However, new excavators come with a hefty price tag, often pushing smaller contractors or businesses to look for more cost-effective solutions. A used excavator can offer similar functionality and performance at a significantly reduced cost.
Additionally, used equipment often depreciates slower than new machinery, making it an attractive option for those looking to get a return on investment without the initial depreciation hit. The right used excavator can serve you for many years, provided you choose wisely and perform due diligence.
Key Factors to Consider When Buying a Used Excavator

1. Age and Hours of Operation
   The first thing to consider when looking at a used excavator is its age and the number of hours it has been operated. Excavators are typically rated for thousands of operational hours, but older models with high hours may need more maintenance or repairs. Generally, a machine with around 4,000-6,000 hours can still be in good condition if properly maintained.
   Machines with low operating hours may seem like a better option, but keep in mind that if the machine has been sitting idle for extended periods, it could have issues related to seals, gaskets, and hydraulics from lack of use.
   
2. Machine History and Service Records
   Ask for the machine's history and any available service records. Knowing whether the previous owner performed regular maintenance, such as oil changes, filter replacements, and hydraulic system checks, is crucial. A well-maintained excavator with a complete service history will likely be more reliable than one with poor or missing records. If the seller can provide maintenance logs and details of past repairs or replacements, you’re on the right track.
   
3. Engine and Hydraulic System
   The engine and hydraulic system are the heart and soul of any excavator. A worn engine or malfunctioning hydraulics can quickly turn a bargain into an expensive repair project. Look for any signs of leaks, especially around hoses, cylinders, and the pump. If the engine starts poorly, produces excessive smoke, or has an irregular idle, this could indicate deeper mechanical issues.
   Hydraulic performance is key for effective operation. Check for smooth operation of the boom, arm, and bucket movements, ensuring there is no lag, jerking, or unusual noise. Inspect the hydraulic oil for cleanliness and check for any contamination.
   
4. Undercarriage Condition
   The undercarriage of an excavator is often one of the most expensive components to repair or replace. Look for wear on the tracks, rollers, and sprockets. Significant wear can reduce the stability of the machine and lead to costly replacements. Check the tension of the tracks as well — loose tracks can cause operational issues, while overly tight tracks can lead to unnecessary strain on the undercarriage components.
   
5. Structural Integrity
   It’s essential to inspect the frame and structural components for any signs of damage or cracks. Look for any visible welds, dents, or signs of previous repairs. The undercarriage, arm, and boom should be free of structural damage to avoid problems during operation.
   
6. Tyres (if applicable)
   If the excavator you're considering has wheels rather than tracks, check the condition of the tyres. Worn or mismatched tyres could affect the machine’s ability to operate smoothly. Like the tracks, you’ll want even wear to ensure proper balance and avoid early replacement costs.
   
7. Bucket and Attachments
   Often, when buying a used excavator, the bucket or attachment might be an area where you can save costs by purchasing separately. However, it’s still worth inspecting the bucket on the machine for wear. Check the cutting edge for signs of damage or wear, which could affect digging performance. Make sure that other attachments, such as hammers, augers, or grapples, are in good condition and function properly.
   

Where to Buy a Used Excavator
Once you've determined what to look for in a used excavator, it’s time to begin your search. There are several ways to find good deals on used equipment:

1. Dealerships: Many authorized dealerships sell both new and used equipment. These machines often come with a warranty or service plan, which can give peace of mind to buyers. The dealership will typically inspect the machine and perform any necessary repairs before sale.
   
2. Online Marketplaces: Platforms like Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, IronPlanet, and MachineryTrader offer large selections of used excavators, often with detailed descriptions, service records, and photos. However, you should always inspect the equipment in person before purchasing and consider any online bidding risks.
   
3. Private Sellers: If you are buying from a private seller, be sure to thoroughly inspect the excavator and request detailed service records. Private sellers may not offer warranties, but they can often provide better prices if you’re willing to negotiate.
   
4. Auctions: Another route for buying used equipment is through public or private auctions. While you can sometimes find a great deal, auctions often come with limited warranties and no return options. It's important to know exactly what you’re bidding on and have the right expertise or a trusted advisor to help you make an informed decision.
   

Inspecting and Negotiating the Purchase
When you find a used excavator that interests you, always conduct a thorough inspection. If you’re not familiar with the inner workings of an excavator, consider hiring a professional mechanic or technician to inspect the machine on your behalf. They can spot potential issues that you might miss.
Once you’ve confirmed the condition of the machine, don’t hesitate to negotiate the price. If the excavator has minor issues or requires repairs, use this information to negotiate a fair price. Sellers are often willing to lower their asking price if they know the buyer is aware of certain shortcomings or repairs needed.
Conclusion: Smart Buying Leads to Smart Investment
Buying a used excavator can be a cost-effective way to expand your equipment fleet, but it requires careful consideration and diligence. By understanding the key factors such as engine performance, hydraulic integrity, undercarriage condition, and overall machine history, you can avoid costly mistakes and make an informed decision.
Remember that a used excavator should still offer many years of reliable service, provided it has been well-maintained and is free of significant defects. Always inspect the machine thoroughly, do your research on pricing, and be prepared to negotiate to ensure that you’re making a smart investment for your business or project.