Troubleshooting Low Hydraulic Pressure in the TMS250B: Common Causes and Solutions

[MikePhua]

Introduction: Understanding the Hydraulic Pressure Issue
The TMS250B, a versatile and powerful piece of equipment, relies on its hydraulic system for smooth operation. Whether it’s lifting, pushing, or maneuvering, the hydraulic pressure plays a crucial role in the functionality of the machine. A drop in hydraulic pressure can result in a variety of operational problems, from sluggish movement to complete failure of the hydraulics.
In this article, we will explore the common causes of low hydraulic pressure in the TMS250B and provide potential solutions, including troubleshooting tips and preventive measures.
1. Insufficient Hydraulic Fluid
The most common and simplest cause of low hydraulic pressure is a low hydraulic fluid level. Hydraulic systems depend on an adequate supply of fluid to generate the necessary pressure for operation. If the fluid is low, it can lead to inadequate pressure levels, resulting in sluggish or non-functional hydraulics.
Solution:

• Check Fluid Levels: The first step in addressing low hydraulic pressure is to inspect the fluid levels. If the fluid is low, top it up with the appropriate hydraulic fluid as specified in the operator’s manual.
  
• Inspect for Leaks: Check for any signs of hydraulic fluid leaks around hoses, fittings, and seals. A leak can significantly reduce the amount of fluid in the system, causing low pressure. If leaks are found, repairs should be made immediately.
  

2. Contaminated Hydraulic Fluid
Another common issue that can lead to low hydraulic pressure is contaminated hydraulic fluid. Dirt, metal particles, and other debris can enter the hydraulic system, causing blockages or damage to critical components like pumps, valves, and cylinders. Contaminated fluid can affect the performance of the hydraulic system, leading to reduced efficiency and pressure.
Solution:

• Fluid Quality Check: Regularly inspect the hydraulic fluid for contamination. If the fluid appears murky, dirty, or has a burnt smell, it’s time to replace it. Contaminated fluid can wear out components in the system, leading to higher repair costs in the long run.
  
• Flush the System: If contamination is detected, it’s advisable to flush the entire hydraulic system. This will help remove any debris or contaminants that could be obstructing fluid flow.
  

3. Worn Hydraulic Pump or Pump Failure
The hydraulic pump is a vital component that generates the pressure required for the hydraulic system. If the pump is worn out or fails, the system will not be able to produce enough pressure to operate the machine effectively.
Solution:

• Pump Inspection: Check the hydraulic pump for signs of wear or damage. Listen for any unusual noises coming from the pump or feel for excessive vibration. If the pump is malfunctioning, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
  
• Test Pump Pressure: Use a hydraulic pressure gauge to test the pressure output from the pump. If the pressure is below the recommended level, the pump may be defective and require replacement.
  

4. Faulty Pressure Relief Valve
The pressure relief valve is responsible for maintaining a consistent pressure in the hydraulic system. If the pressure relief valve is malfunctioning, it could cause a drop in hydraulic pressure. A stuck valve can prevent the system from reaching its optimal pressure, while a valve set to a lower pressure can lead to reduced overall system performance.
Solution:

• Valve Inspection: Inspect the pressure relief valve for any signs of wear, dirt, or blockages. Sometimes, the valve can get stuck or become clogged with debris, preventing it from functioning properly.
  
• Adjust or Replace the Valve: If the pressure relief valve is faulty, it may need to be adjusted or replaced to restore normal hydraulic pressure.
  

5. Clogged or Dirty Filters
Hydraulic filters play a crucial role in keeping the hydraulic fluid clean by trapping contaminants before they can damage the system. Over time, filters can become clogged with dirt and debris, reducing the flow of hydraulic fluid and resulting in lower pressure.
Solution:

• Check and Clean Filters: Regularly inspect the hydraulic filters and clean or replace them as needed. A clogged filter can restrict fluid flow, leading to low pressure and reduced system performance.
  
• Filter Replacement: If cleaning the filters doesn’t resolve the issue, it may be necessary to replace them entirely. Make sure to use the correct filter type for your system to ensure optimal performance.
  

6. Blocked or Leaking Hydraulic Lines
Hydraulic lines carry the fluid throughout the system, and if they become blocked or damaged, they can restrict the flow of fluid, causing a drop in hydraulic pressure. Leaks in the hydraulic lines will also lead to fluid loss, further reducing pressure.
Solution:

• Inspect Hydraulic Hoses and Fittings: Check the hydraulic hoses and connections for signs of wear, cracks, or leaks. Tighten any loose fittings and replace any damaged hoses immediately.
  
• Clear Blockages: If the system is experiencing a blockage, it may be necessary to remove and clean the lines. Blockages can occur due to dirt or other contaminants that have entered the system.
  

7. Hydraulic Cylinder Issues
The hydraulic cylinders play a significant role in converting hydraulic pressure into mechanical movement. If the cylinders become damaged or develop internal leaks, the system may not generate enough pressure to perform tasks such as lifting or pushing.
Solution:

• Cylinder Inspection: Inspect the hydraulic cylinders for signs of leakage or damage. If there are visible leaks or damaged seals, the cylinders may need to be repaired or replaced.
  
• Cylinder Testing: Test the hydraulic cylinders by applying load to the system. If they fail to respond properly or if pressure drops when a load is applied, the cylinders may need to be serviced.
  

8. Air in the Hydraulic System
Air in the hydraulic system can create issues with fluid flow and pressure. This is usually caused by air entering the system during maintenance or when the system is not properly sealed. Air can compress, leading to inconsistent or low hydraulic pressure.
Solution:

• Bleed the System: If you suspect air in the hydraulic lines, bleeding the system can help remove trapped air. This can be done by opening the bleeder valves on the hydraulic cylinders or lines, allowing the air to escape.
  
• Ensure Proper Seals: Inspect the system for any areas where air might be entering, such as loose connections, worn seals, or cracked hoses. Properly sealing the system is key to preventing air from entering.
  

Conclusion: Taking Proactive Steps to Maintain Hydraulic Pressure
Low hydraulic pressure in the TMS250B can be caused by several factors, from simple issues like low fluid levels to more complex problems like pump failure or hydraulic line blockages. By addressing these common causes promptly, operators can restore full functionality to their machines and avoid costly repairs.
Routine maintenance, such as checking fluid levels, inspecting filters, and replacing worn components, is crucial for preventing hydraulic pressure problems in the future. As with any machinery, keeping the system clean and well-maintained will extend the life of the equipment and ensure smooth operation on the job site.
If the problem persists after performing these checks and solutions, it may be time to consult with a professional technician who can diagnose and repair more complex hydraulic issues.