Troubleshooting Locked-Out Boom and Bucket Functions on the 2012 John Deere 318D Skid Steer

[MikePhua]

Skid steer loaders are powerful machines designed for versatility on the job site. However, like any complex piece of machinery, they can sometimes experience malfunctions that may leave operators puzzled. One such issue that some owners of the 2012 John Deere 318D skid steer may face is the locking out of boom and bucket functions. This issue can be frustrating, especially when the equipment is in the middle of a job. Understanding the potential causes of this problem, how to troubleshoot it, and how to prevent it from happening in the future can help get the machine back up and running quickly.
Common Causes of Locked-Out Boom and Bucket Functions
The boom and bucket functions on a skid steer loader rely on various components, including the hydraulic system, electrical connections, and control mechanisms. A failure in any one of these areas can lead to the locking out of these functions. Here are some of the most common causes:

1. Hydraulic Pressure Issues
   The boom and bucket operations are powered by hydraulic pressure. If there is a loss of hydraulic pressure, either due to low fluid levels, a leak, or a malfunctioning hydraulic pump, the boom and bucket will become inoperable. The system will lock out these functions to prevent further damage to the hydraulics.
   
2. Electrical Problems
   The 2012 John Deere 318D, like most modern skid steers, is equipped with an electronic control system that governs the operation of various machine functions. A failure in the electrical system, such as a blown fuse, faulty wiring, or an issue with the control panel, can cause the boom and bucket to lock out. Additionally, the hydraulic solenoid valves, which control the hydraulic flow to the boom and bucket, may fail due to electrical issues.
   
3. Control Lever or Joystick Malfunction
   The operator controls for the boom and bucket are typically through levers or joysticks. If there is an issue with the control mechanism itself, such as a disconnected cable, worn-out components, or a calibration error, it can lead to the malfunctioning of these critical functions. The loader may show no response or be stuck in one position.
   
4. Safety Lockout Features
   Many skid steers, including the John Deere 318D, are equipped with safety lockout features designed to prevent accidents. These can be triggered by an operator’s seatbelt not being fastened or the presence of a malfunctioning sensor. If the system detects any unsafe conditions, it may lock out certain functions, such as the boom and bucket.
   
5. Overheating or System Protection Mode
   Overheating is another possible cause of a locked-out boom and bucket. If the machine has been operating for extended periods or under heavy load, it may activate a protection mode to prevent further damage to the system. This protection mode could restrict certain functions, including the boom and bucket.
   

Troubleshooting the Locked-Out Functions
If you find yourself facing a locked-out boom and bucket on your 2012 John Deere 318D, it’s essential to follow a systematic troubleshooting approach to identify the cause of the issue.

1. Check Hydraulic Fluid Levels
   Start by checking the hydraulic fluid levels. Low fluid levels are one of the most common causes of hydraulic issues, and they can easily lead to a loss of power for the boom and bucket. Ensure that the fluid is at the proper level, and look for any signs of leaks around hoses, fittings, or the pump.
   
2. Inspect the Electrical System
   Inspect the fuse panel for any blown fuses related to the boom, bucket, or hydraulic functions. A malfunctioning fuse could be the culprit. Next, check the wiring and connectors, particularly around the hydraulic solenoid valves, to ensure that there are no loose or damaged connections. A multimeter can help check for continuity and voltage at the control panel.
   
3. Examine the Control Levers/Joystick
   If you’re not hearing any response from the boom or bucket when using the controls, inspect the control levers or joystick. Ensure that they are functioning properly and that no cables or linkages are disconnected or damaged. It’s also worth checking the calibration settings for the control mechanism to ensure that it’s correctly communicating with the hydraulic system.
   
4. Test the Safety Features
   Safety lockout features can often be triggered by something as simple as an unlatched seatbelt or a sensor malfunction. Check that all safety features are properly engaged. If the machine has a seatbelt interlock or safety switch, make sure that it is working correctly and not causing the system to lock out. Also, verify that no error codes related to safety systems are appearing on the display.
   
5. Monitor for Overheating
   If the machine has been operating for an extended period or in a hot environment, overheating may be the cause of the lockout. Check the machine’s temperature gauge to see if it is running too hot. If the machine is overheating, allow it to cool down, and then restart the operation to see if the issue resolves itself.
   

Preventive Maintenance to Avoid Future Lockouts
Preventive maintenance is essential to ensure the smooth operation of any heavy machinery, including the 2012 John Deere 318D. Regular checks and maintenance can help prevent the locking out of boom and bucket functions. Here are some steps to ensure that the undercarriage, hydraulics, and electrical systems remain in optimal condition:

1. Regular Hydraulic Fluid Checks
   Make sure to check the hydraulic fluid levels frequently, as well as the condition of the fluid. Dirty or contaminated fluid can cause system malfunctions. If you notice any signs of leaks around hydraulic hoses or fittings, address them promptly to avoid loss of pressure.
   
2. Routine Electrical Inspections
   Inspect the electrical system regularly to check for loose connections, damaged wiring, or corroded terminals. Keep an eye on the fuses and ensure they are in good working order. A proactive electrical inspection can prevent a lot of potential issues down the line.
   
3. Control Mechanism Calibration
   Periodically calibrate the control levers or joystick to ensure that the communication between the operator controls and the hydraulic system is functioning correctly. If the machine is used heavily, the controls may require recalibration to maintain optimal performance.
   
4. Keep the Machine Clean
   Dirt and debris can build up around the hydraulic lines, control mechanisms, and electrical connectors, leading to malfunctions. Keeping the machine clean will help prevent this buildup and ensure that components function as they should.
   
5. Check and Maintain Safety Features
   Regularly test all safety features, including seatbelt interlocks, sensors, and warning lights, to ensure they are working properly. If any safety feature is malfunctioning, it could cause unnecessary lockouts or stop functions that are critical to the machine's operation.
   

Conclusion: Ensuring Smooth Operation of the John Deere 318D
The 2012 John Deere 318D skid steer is a reliable and powerful machine, but like any piece of equipment, it requires proper maintenance and care to keep running smoothly. Locked-out boom and bucket functions can be frustrating, but with careful troubleshooting and attention to detail, most issues can be resolved quickly. By following the steps outlined above and adhering to a regular maintenance schedule, you can help prevent this issue from occurring in the future and ensure that your John Deere 318D remains a productive and reliable part of your fleet.