Understanding and Troubleshooting Auxiliary Hydraulics on the IHI 20JX Mini Excavator

[MikePhua]

The IHI 20JX mini excavator is a versatile and compact machine that offers excellent maneuverability for urban construction, landscaping, and utility work. One of its key features is the auxiliary hydraulic system, which allows the machine to power various attachments, such as breakers, augers, or mulchers. However, as with any hydraulic system, issues can arise, particularly when it comes to the functioning of auxiliary hydraulics. Problems like low flow, poor pressure, or lack of control can limit the effectiveness of these attachments, impacting productivity on the job site.
In this article, we will discuss common issues related to the auxiliary hydraulics on the IHI 20JX, how to diagnose them, and what steps you can take to troubleshoot and resolve these problems.
What Are Auxiliary Hydraulics?
Auxiliary hydraulics are an important part of a mini excavator’s versatility. These systems allow the excavator to supply hydraulic power to external attachments, such as hydraulic breakers, thumbs, augers, or soil compactors. The auxiliary hydraulic system on the IHI 20JX works by redirecting hydraulic flow from the excavator’s main pump to the auxiliary lines, which power the attachments.
The system consists of hoses, valves, and control circuits that work together to manage the flow and pressure of the hydraulic fluid. The success of the auxiliary hydraulic system is crucial for optimizing the performance of various attachments, especially in tasks that require consistent hydraulic force, such as demolition or digging in tough materials.
Common Issues with Auxiliary Hydraulics on the IHI 20JX

1. Low Hydraulic Flow to Attachments
   

One of the most common problems operators face with the IHI 20JX’s auxiliary hydraulics is low hydraulic flow. When this happens, the attachments may not perform at full capacity, or may not work at all, especially when operating high-demand attachments like breakers or augers.

• Possible Causes:
  • Clogged or Restricted Lines: Dirt or debris can clog the hydraulic lines, restricting the flow of fluid. Over time, the buildup of contaminants can affect the system’s efficiency.
    
  • Damaged Hoses or Fittings: Hydraulic hoses or fittings that are cracked, pinched, or leaking can significantly reduce the pressure and flow of the hydraulic fluid, causing the system to underperform.
    
  • Pump Issues: A failing hydraulic pump or a pump that is not generating sufficient pressure can lead to low flow to the auxiliary circuit.
    
• Solutions:
  • Inspect all hydraulic lines and hoses for signs of wear, damage, or blockage. Clean or replace any components that are clogged or leaking.
    
  • Check the hydraulic pump to ensure it is operating within the required pressure range. If the pump is malfunctioning, it may need to be repaired or replaced.
    

1. Inconsistent or Poor Control of Attachments
   

Another common issue is inconsistent control over the auxiliary hydraulic attachments. This could manifest as jerky movements or lack of response when trying to operate the attachment. This can be frustrating for operators and may affect the quality of the work being done.

• Possible Causes:
  • Faulty Solenoid or Control Valve: The control valve regulates the flow of hydraulic fluid to the attachment. If it is malfunctioning or sticking, it can cause erratic or unresponsive behavior in the attachment.
    
  • Electrical Issues: If the auxiliary hydraulics are controlled electronically (via a joystick or a switch), issues with the wiring, solenoids, or the control module can lead to inconsistent performance.
    
• Solutions:
  • Inspect the control valve for any signs of wear or damage. If the valve is sticking, clean it or replace it if necessary.
    
  • Check the electrical wiring and solenoids for proper connections. Ensure that the control circuits are free from corrosion or damage that could interfere with proper operation.
    

1. Attachment Not Working at All
   

In some cases, the auxiliary hydraulics may not power the attachment at all. This can be a serious issue, especially when working with heavy-duty attachments, and may require immediate attention.

• Possible Causes:
  • No Hydraulic Pressure: If the auxiliary system is not generating any pressure, the attachment will fail to work. This could be due to a complete blockage, a faulty pump, or a problem with the valve.
    
  • Wrong Flow Rate: If the flow rate for the attachment is too low, it may fail to operate. Conversely, a too-high flow rate could damage the attachment.
    
• Solutions:
  • Test the hydraulic pressure with a gauge to confirm whether the system is generating enough pressure. If pressure is low or absent, investigate potential causes such as a blocked valve or failing pump.
    
  • Ensure that the flow rate is correctly adjusted for the specific attachment being used. Consult the attachment’s manufacturer recommendations for optimal flow rates.
    

1. Overheating Hydraulic System
   

Overheating is another issue that can affect the auxiliary hydraulic system on the IHI 20JX. When hydraulic systems overheat, it can lead to a reduction in efficiency, increased wear on components, and potential system failure.

• Possible Causes:
  • Overworked Hydraulic Pump: If the pump is running too long or under too much load, it can overheat, leading to reduced performance.
    
  • Clogged or Dirty Filters: Hydraulic fluid that is contaminated with dirt or debris can cause friction, leading to overheating in the system.
    
  • Low Fluid Levels: Insufficient hydraulic fluid can cause the system to run hot because the pump is not adequately lubricated or cooled.
    
• Solutions:
  • Check the fluid levels and top them off if necessary, using the correct type of hydraulic fluid.
    
  • Clean or replace the hydraulic filter to ensure that the fluid is circulating freely and not causing overheating due to contamination.
    
  • Allow the system to cool down between heavy uses to avoid excessive strain on the pump and components.
    

How to Prevent Problems with the Auxiliary Hydraulics System
To prevent issues with the auxiliary hydraulic system on the IHI 20JX, it is important to implement a routine maintenance schedule. Here are some key preventive measures:

1. Regular Inspection and Cleaning:
   Regularly inspect hydraulic hoses, lines, and fittings for wear or damage. Clean any components that may be prone to clogging, such as filters or strainers. This will help ensure that the system remains free from contaminants that can impair performance.
   
2. Maintain Proper Hydraulic Fluid Levels:
   Ensure that the hydraulic fluid is always at the correct level. Low fluid can lead to overheating and pump failure, while dirty fluid can clog lines and cause system inefficiency.
   
3. Use the Correct Attachments for the Job:
   Make sure that the auxiliary hydraulic system is used with attachments that are compatible with the machine's hydraulic flow and pressure specifications. Using attachments that require too much flow or pressure can lead to malfunction.
   
4. Check the Control Valve and Solenoids:
   Routinely inspect the control valve and solenoids for signs of wear or sticking. These are key components in the operation of auxiliary hydraulics and need to be in good condition to ensure smooth operation.
   

Real-World Example: Troubleshooting the Auxiliary Hydraulics
A landscaping company in Florida was using their IHI 20JX mini excavator with a hydraulic auger attachment for a job involving deep hole drilling. After a few hours of operation, they noticed that the auger was not spinning as efficiently as it should. The flow seemed reduced, and the auger was sluggish. By inspecting the auxiliary hydraulic lines, they found a clogged filter causing low flow. Once the filter was replaced, the auger worked like new, and the job was completed ahead of schedule.
Conclusion: Maximizing the Efficiency of the IHI 20JX Auxiliary Hydraulics
The auxiliary hydraulics system on the IHI 20JX mini excavator is a powerful feature that enhances the machine’s versatility and productivity. However, when issues arise, they can hinder performance and lead to unnecessary downtime. By understanding common hydraulic issues, performing regular maintenance, and addressing problems early, operators can ensure that the auxiliary hydraulics continue to function at peak performance, keeping the machine ready for any task at hand.
By staying vigilant about maintenance, keeping the system clean, and ensuring that components are operating as they should, operators can prevent costly repairs and maximize the lifespan of their equipment.