Troubleshooting the Track Adjuster on a Caterpillar 955L

[MikePhua]

The Caterpillar 955L, a versatile and robust machine, is often used in tough conditions for tasks like excavation and construction. One of the most important components of this machine is its track adjuster. Proper maintenance and troubleshooting of the track adjuster are essential for ensuring optimal performance and avoiding costly repairs.
Understanding the Track Adjuster
The track adjuster is responsible for maintaining the correct tension in the tracks of the Caterpillar 955L. It works by controlling the amount of slack in the track system, which prevents excessive wear and helps maintain optimal machine efficiency. If the track adjuster is malfunctioning or improperly adjusted, it can lead to issues such as track slippage, uneven wear, and even track failure.
Common Issues with the 955L Track Adjuster

1. Track Tension Problems:
   • One of the most common problems with the track adjuster is improper track tension. If the tracks are too tight, it can cause excessive wear on both the tracks and the undercarriage. On the other hand, if the tracks are too loose, it can lead to track slippage and even derailment.
     
2. Leaks in the Adjuster:
   • The track adjuster is a hydraulic system that relies on fluid pressure to maintain the correct track tension. If there is a leak in the system, it can cause a loss of pressure, which in turn results in poor track tension. Leaks can be difficult to locate and may require disassembling parts of the track adjuster to inspect.
     
3. Damaged or Worn Components:
   • The track adjuster consists of several components, including the cylinder, seals, and pressure chambers. Over time, these parts can become worn out or damaged due to excessive use or poor maintenance. Damaged components can lead to issues such as leaking hydraulic fluid or uneven track tension.
     
4. Frozen or Stiff Adjuster Mechanism:
   • In cold climates or when the machine has been out of use for a while, the track adjuster can freeze or become stiff, making it difficult to adjust the track tension. This can be especially problematic in winter months or in areas with freezing temperatures.
     

Steps to Diagnose and Fix Track Adjuster Problems

1. Check Track Tension:
   • The first step in diagnosing track adjuster issues is to check the tension of the tracks. If the tracks are too tight or too loose, adjust them accordingly. Typically, the proper track tension is when the track has a certain amount of sag when lifted off the ground but is not loose enough to slip.
     
2. Inspect for Leaks:
   • Look for visible signs of hydraulic fluid leaks around the adjuster. If there is fluid leakage, it’s important to pinpoint the source of the leak. Inspect the seals, hoses, and cylinder for any cracks, damage, or wear. If leaks are detected, replace the affected components as needed.
     
3. Examine the Track Adjuster Cylinder:
   • The cylinder that controls the track adjuster is a critical component. If the cylinder is damaged or the seals are worn, it may not hold the correct pressure to maintain track tension. Carefully inspect the cylinder for any signs of damage or wear. If the cylinder is defective, it will likely need to be replaced or rebuilt.
     
4. Test for Hydraulic Pressure:
   • If the track adjuster is not responding to adjustments, you may need to test the hydraulic pressure of the system. Low pressure can indicate an issue with the hydraulic pump, valves, or the track adjuster itself. Testing the system can help identify if there is a problem within the hydraulic circuit.
     
5. Consider the Age and Wear of the Adjuster:
   • If the track adjuster has been in use for many hours or years, it's possible that the components have simply worn out. In such cases, rebuilding or replacing the track adjuster may be necessary to restore proper functionality.
     

Preventive Maintenance Tips for the Track Adjuster

1. Regular Inspections:
   • Periodically inspect the track adjuster and its components for signs of wear, damage, or leaks. This proactive maintenance can prevent small issues from becoming larger problems down the line.
     
2. Lubricate the System:
   • Proper lubrication is essential for keeping the track adjuster running smoothly. Regularly lubricate the adjuster parts as recommended by the manufacturer to reduce friction and wear.
     
3. Monitor Track Tension:
   • Keep an eye on the track tension, especially during periods of heavy use. Proper track tension ensures the longevity of both the tracks and the adjuster, and regular monitoring can help prevent track-related issues.
     
4. Use the Correct Hydraulic Fluid:
   • Ensure that the hydraulic fluid used in the track adjuster meets the specifications outlined in the operator’s manual. Using the wrong fluid can lead to poor performance and potential damage to the hydraulic system.
     
5. Store the Machine Properly:
   • If the machine will be out of service for an extended period, store it in a way that prevents the track adjuster from freezing or becoming stiff. This might include storing the equipment in a temperature-controlled environment during winter months.
     

Conclusion
The track adjuster on the Caterpillar 955L plays a vital role in maintaining track performance and overall machine efficiency. Regular maintenance and early detection of issues such as improper tension, leaks, or worn components can help prevent costly repairs and downtime. By following proper diagnostic steps and addressing problems promptly, you can ensure the long-term functionality of your Caterpillar 955L's track adjuster and keep your machine running smoothly.