Understanding Fluids for the CAT 953 Track Loader

[MikePhua]

The CAT 953 is a highly versatile and reliable track loader used in various industries, from construction to mining. Proper maintenance is crucial to keeping this machine running smoothly, and one of the most important aspects of maintenance is ensuring the correct fluids are used. Fluids are vital for lubrication, cooling, and ensuring the proper functioning of the CAT 953’s hydraulic system, engine, transmission, and other essential components.
Fluids Used in the CAT 953 Track Loader

1. Engine Oil
   • Purpose: Engine oil lubricates the internal components of the engine, reducing friction and wear. It also helps cool the engine by carrying heat away from the moving parts.
     
   • Recommended Type: CAT recommends using high-quality diesel engine oil that meets or exceeds API (American Petroleum Institute) classifications, specifically API CJ-4 or higher, to ensure optimum engine protection.
     
   • Oil Change Interval: Regularly check the engine oil level, and change it according to the service intervals specified in the operator’s manual. Typically, oil changes should be done every 250 hours of operation, but it may vary depending on working conditions.
     
2. Transmission Fluid
   • Purpose: The transmission fluid is crucial for the smooth shifting of gears, providing lubrication and cooling for the transmission components.
     
   • Recommended Type: CAT recommends using CAT TDTO (Transmission and Drive Train Oil), which is specially designed for the gear and clutch components in CAT machines. It ensures optimal performance under heavy loads.
     
   • Fluid Change Interval: Transmission fluid should be replaced at regular intervals to avoid contamination, generally after 1,000 hours of operation or when a noticeable decline in performance occurs.
     
3. Hydraulic Fluid
   • Purpose: The hydraulic fluid operates the loader’s hydraulic system, which controls functions like lifting, tilting, and pushing. It provides necessary lubrication, cooling, and pressure for hydraulic components.
     
   • Recommended Type: CAT recommends using their own branded hydraulic fluids, such as CAT HYDO Advanced or equivalent, to ensure proper function. These fluids are designed to operate effectively in various temperatures and conditions.
     
   • Fluid Change Interval: Depending on usage and environmental conditions, hydraulic fluid should typically be changed every 1,000 to 2,000 hours.
     
4. Coolant/Antifreeze
   • Purpose: Coolant is responsible for regulating the temperature of the engine by absorbing heat and preventing overheating. It also protects the engine from freezing in cold weather conditions.
     
   • Recommended Type: A high-quality, extended life antifreeze coolant, such as CAT EC-1, is recommended for the CAT 953. This coolant is designed to provide long-lasting protection against corrosion, rust, and scale formation.
     
   • Fluid Change Interval: The coolant should be checked periodically for the proper levels and replaced every 2,000 to 3,000 hours, or every 3 years, whichever comes first.
     
5. Final Drive Fluid
   • Purpose: The final drive fluid lubricates the final drive gear and associated components. It helps transfer the engine power to the wheels and ensures smooth, efficient operation.
     
   • Recommended Type: CAT recommends using their own branded final drive oil, which is specially formulated for their machines' final drive components. CAT 50 or equivalent is a popular choice.
     
   • Fluid Change Interval: It’s recommended to change the final drive fluid every 1,000 to 2,000 hours or according to the manufacturer's specifications, based on the operating environment.
     

Checking Fluid Levels and Maintenance

1. Routine Fluid Checks
   • Action: Regularly check the fluid levels in the engine, hydraulic system, transmission, and final drive. Ensure the fluids are within the recommended range on the dipsticks or gauges.
     
   • Why It Matters: Low fluid levels can lead to improper operation or component damage. It is essential to top up fluids regularly and change them when required to maintain the loader's efficiency.
     
2. Inspect for Leaks
   • Action: Look for any signs of fluid leaks around the engine, hydraulic components, and other machinery areas. Common leakage points include hoses, seals, and fittings.
     
   • Why It Matters: Leaks can lead to fluid loss, reducing performance and potentially causing damage to the internal components. Immediate repairs are necessary to prevent operational delays or system failures.
     
3. Use of Genuine Fluids
   • Action: Always use fluids that meet the manufacturer’s specifications, either from CAT or a trusted equivalent. Using generic fluids may cause performance issues and lead to costly repairs.
     
   • Why It Matters: Genuine fluids are designed to work with specific machine components, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.
     

Signs of Fluid-Related Issues

1. Overheating
   • Symptoms: The engine temperature gauge may show high temperatures, or you may notice the loader is struggling with tasks that it usually handles with ease.
     
   • Possible Causes: Low coolant levels or contaminated engine oil could cause the engine to overheat. Insufficient hydraulic fluid or worn-out hydraulic oil could reduce cooling and performance.
     
   • Solution: Check the coolant levels and top up if necessary. Replace the engine oil or hydraulic fluid if it has become contaminated or degraded.
     
2. Poor Hydraulic Performance
   • Symptoms: Slow response time or reduced lifting capabilities in the loader’s hydraulic system.
     
   • Possible Causes: Low hydraulic fluid levels, contaminated fluid, or malfunctioning hydraulic components.
     
   • Solution: Check the hydraulic fluid levels and change the fluid if it appears dirty or contaminated. If the issue persists, inspect hydraulic filters and components for any malfunctions.
     
3. Transmission Problems
   • Symptoms: Difficulty shifting gears, slipping gears, or a noticeable reduction in performance.
     
   • Possible Causes: Low or contaminated transmission fluid, or worn-out components in the transmission system.
     
   • Solution: Check the transmission fluid level and ensure it is at the correct level. If the fluid is dirty or contaminated, change it and inspect the transmission components for any damage.
     

Conclusion
Maintaining the correct fluids in your CAT 953 track loader is essential for its optimal performance and longevity. Regular fluid checks, timely changes, and using the recommended fluids will ensure that the loader operates efficiently, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. Always refer to the machine’s service manual for specific fluid specifications and change intervals. By staying on top of fluid maintenance, you can ensure your CAT 953 remains a reliable and powerful machine for all your heavy lifting and construction tasks.