Dealing with Bad Gas in Heavy Equipment: Causes and Solutions

[MikePhua]

Bad gas in heavy equipment is a common issue that can lead to engine performance problems, costly repairs, and downtime. It refers to fuel that has either degraded over time or contains impurities that can clog fuel systems, damage engine components, and reduce the efficiency of the equipment. Understanding the causes of bad gas and how to deal with it can save time and money, and ensure that your equipment runs smoothly for years to come.
Causes of Bad Gas in Heavy Equipment

1. Fuel Contamination:
   One of the primary causes of bad gas is contamination. This can occur if water, dirt, or other debris find their way into the fuel tank. Water is particularly problematic because it can mix with the fuel and cause rusting of internal components, as well as leading to engine misfires or stalls. Contaminated fuel often results from improper storage or from refueling with poor-quality fuel.
   
2. Fuel Degradation:
   Gasoline and diesel fuels naturally degrade over time due to the evaporation of volatile compounds. When fuel sits unused for long periods, it loses its combustibility, leading to a condition often referred to as “stale” fuel. Stale fuel can cause poor engine performance, starting issues, and rough idling. This is a common problem in equipment that is used infrequently, such as seasonal machinery.
   
3. Biofuel Blends and Ethanol:
   Many modern fuel formulations contain ethanol or other biofuel additives. While these additives are designed to be environmentally friendly, they can cause issues in older equipment. Ethanol, for instance, absorbs water from the air, which can lead to the formation of water in the fuel system. Additionally, ethanol can cause rubber seals and gaskets to degrade over time, leading to leaks and further fuel system problems.
   
4. Improper Fuel Storage:
   Storing fuel improperly, such as leaving it exposed to high temperatures or sunlight, can cause it to break down quickly. Fuel should be stored in clean, sealed containers in a cool, dry place to prevent contamination and degradation. Exposed fuel can also absorb moisture from the air, making it more susceptible to degradation.
   
5. Using the Wrong Type of Fuel:
   Using the wrong type of fuel for your equipment, such as mixing up diesel and gasoline, can quickly cause engine damage. It’s essential to ensure that the fuel type matches the equipment’s requirements to avoid damage to the engine and fuel system.
   

Symptoms of Bad Gas in Heavy Equipment

1. Difficulty Starting:
   One of the first signs of bad gas is difficulty starting the engine. If the engine turns over but doesn’t start, it could be due to degraded fuel or a contaminated fuel system. The engine may also start and then sputter or stall after running for a short time.
   
2. Rough Idling or Stalling:
   When bad gas is in the tank, the engine may run unevenly or stall unexpectedly. This happens because the fuel is not combusting efficiently, which leads to poor performance. Stalling can be particularly problematic in the middle of an operation, leading to unplanned downtime.
   
3. Poor Engine Performance:
   Bad gas can also cause the engine to lose power or run rough. You may notice the engine lacks the usual power during operation, struggles to maintain speed, or makes unusual noises. This can be attributed to contaminants or stale fuel affecting combustion efficiency.
   
4. Excessive Smoke:
   If bad fuel is being burned in the engine, it may produce excessive exhaust smoke. This can vary from a faint smell of gasoline or diesel to thick black or white smoke, depending on the type of contamination or degradation. The smoke may also have a burnt or sour odor.
   

How to Deal with Bad Gas in Your Equipment

1. Draining the Fuel Tank:
   The most effective way to address bad gas is by draining the fuel tank completely. After draining, it’s important to clean the tank to ensure that no residual contamination or stale fuel remains. You can then refill the tank with fresh, clean fuel. Be sure to dispose of the old fuel properly, as contaminated fuel can harm the environment.
   
2. Cleaning the Fuel System:
   After draining the fuel, the next step is cleaning the fuel system. This includes flushing the fuel lines, replacing any clogged fuel filters, and cleaning the fuel injectors. If the contamination has reached the engine, additional work may be needed to clean the carburetor or fuel injectors to restore proper fuel delivery.
   
3. Inspecting Fuel Filters and Lines:
   In cases where bad gas has been a persistent problem, it’s essential to inspect and replace fuel filters regularly. A clogged fuel filter can impede fuel flow, making it more difficult for the engine to run efficiently. Fuel lines should also be checked for any cracks, leaks, or signs of wear caused by ethanol additives or other contaminants.
   
4. Using Fuel Stabilizers:
   If you know your equipment won’t be used for an extended period, consider adding a fuel stabilizer to prevent fuel degradation. Fuel stabilizers help preserve the quality of fuel, particularly ethanol-based fuels, by preventing oxidation and water absorption. This is particularly important for machinery that is used seasonally or stored for long periods.
   
5. Regular Maintenance and Monitoring:
   Regular maintenance, including checking fuel quality, is essential for preventing bad gas issues. Always monitor the fuel quality, especially if your equipment has been sitting idle for an extended time. Storing fuel properly, using fuel stabilizers, and regularly inspecting the fuel system can help prevent contamination and degradation.
   

Preventing Bad Gas Issues in the Future

1. Fuel Filtration Systems:
   Installing a high-quality fuel filtration system in your equipment can help filter out contaminants before they enter the fuel system. This is especially important for equipment used in harsh conditions or areas with low fuel quality. Filtration systems can reduce the risk of clogging and contamination.
   
2. Proper Fuel Storage Practices:
   To avoid fuel degradation, ensure that you store fuel in clean, sealed containers and in cool, dry areas. Avoid leaving fuel in direct sunlight or in high-temperature environments, as this accelerates degradation. Always check the fuel for water or contaminants before adding it to your equipment.
   
3. Use Fresh Fuel:
   When refueling, always use fresh fuel from a reliable source. Avoid using old fuel, especially if it has been sitting for a long time, as it is more likely to be contaminated or degraded. If possible, use fuel with lower ethanol content, as ethanol tends to absorb water and cause corrosion over time.
   
4. Regular Fuel System Inspections:
   Regularly inspect the fuel system, including fuel lines, injectors, and filters, for any signs of wear or contamination. Replacing parts before they fail can prevent fuel-related issues from affecting your equipment’s performance.
   

Conclusion
Bad gas is a common issue in heavy equipment, but with regular maintenance and proper fuel management, it’s possible to prevent and resolve most fuel-related problems. By understanding the causes of bad gas, recognizing the symptoms early, and taking the necessary steps to clean and maintain your fuel system, you can ensure your equipment runs smoothly and reliably for years. Regular inspections, proper storage, and the use of stabilizers will help prevent fuel degradation and contamination, saving time, money, and headaches in the long run.