Buying a Used Caterpillar 312CL: What You Need to Know

[MikePhua]

The Caterpillar 312CL is a popular model of hydraulic excavator from Caterpillar's line of construction equipment. Known for its efficiency, reliability, and versatility, the 312CL is a solid choice for a range of projects, from small-scale construction to larger earthmoving tasks. When looking to purchase a used 312CL, several factors should be carefully considered to ensure you are making an informed investment. This guide will provide an in-depth look at what to consider when buying a used 312CL, from assessing the machine’s condition to understanding the potential costs involved.
The Caterpillar 312CL Excavator: An Overview
The 312CL is a mid-size hydraulic excavator that was released as part of Caterpillar’s 312 series. With a powerful 92 horsepower engine and a maximum operating weight of around 27,000 pounds (12,247 kg), this machine is designed for a variety of applications, including digging, lifting, and material handling. Its reach and digging depth capabilities make it ideal for jobs in construction, landscaping, and urban infrastructure projects.
The 312CL features a fuel-efficient engine, advanced hydraulics, and an intuitive operator interface, all of which contribute to its reputation for productivity and longevity. Its size and performance balance provide a good combination of power and maneuverability, especially in tight spaces. As a result, the 312CL has become a favored choice for both contractors and rental fleets. Understanding the background of this excavator model and how it has been used can help you assess its value on the used equipment market.
Why Buy a Used 312CL?
Buying a used Caterpillar 312CL offers several advantages. First, the 312CL is known for its durability and longevity. Many machines in the 312CL series continue to operate efficiently even after many years in service, making them a good option for cost-conscious buyers who need reliable machinery at a lower price point. In addition to lower upfront costs, used equipment often comes with less depreciation, meaning buyers may be able to get a machine that still has a lot of useful life left without paying full price.
Another reason to consider a used 312CL is the availability of parts and service. Caterpillar has an extensive global network of dealers and service centers, making it easier to obtain replacement parts and service support for the 312CL. With Caterpillar’s established reputation for robust engineering, used 312CL excavators are often viewed as a safer investment compared to other brands.
Factors to Consider When Buying a Used 312CL
While buying a used 312CL excavator can be a great investment, there are several key factors to evaluate before finalizing the purchase. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Machine Hours
   The number of operating hours on the machine is one of the most important factors to consider when purchasing a used excavator. A machine with lower hours will typically have less wear and tear on critical components, such as the engine, hydraulics, and undercarriage. The general guideline for used excavators is that anything under 5,000 hours is considered low for a machine of this type, while machines with over 8,000 hours may show signs of significant wear.
   • Low Hours (Under 5,000): Likely to have more useful life left, with less wear on components.
     
   • Mid Hours (5,000-8,000): Still valuable but may require more maintenance and potential repairs.
     
   • High Hours (Over 8,000): May require significant investment in repairs or parts replacement.
     
2. Inspection of Key Components
   • Engine and Hydraulics: Inspecting the engine and hydraulic system is critical when purchasing a used 312CL. Start the engine and listen for unusual noises, and check for smoke or signs of leaks. Also, verify that the hydraulics operate smoothly and without delay. Check for leaks or excessive wear in hydraulic hoses and cylinders.
     
   • Undercarriage: The undercarriage is one of the most expensive components to replace or repair. Check the tracks for wear and tear, and inspect the sprockets, rollers, and idlers for signs of damage or excessive wear. Replacing the undercarriage can be a major expense, so ensure it is in good condition before buying.
     
   • Buckets and Attachments: Depending on the attachments the 312CL is sold with, inspect the condition of the bucket and other implements. Look for cracks, excessive wear, or any signs of welding, which could indicate previous repairs.
     
3. Maintenance and Service History
   A good maintenance record can provide peace of mind and help predict future maintenance needs. Ask the seller for detailed service records, including oil changes, hydraulic fluid checks, and any major repairs. Machines with regular maintenance are likely to have fewer issues, whereas a lack of maintenance history could indicate potential problems down the line.
   
4. Overall Condition
   Beyond the mechanical components, consider the overall physical condition of the machine. Look for signs of neglect, such as rust, cracked hoses, and broken parts. A well-maintained machine may have more cosmetic wear, but it’s less likely to suffer from major mechanical problems in the future.
   
5. Dealer Reputation and Warranty
   If buying from a dealer, it’s important to consider their reputation. A reputable dealer will often provide warranties on used equipment, which can help protect your investment. Ensure that the warranty covers key components like the engine and hydraulics. Additionally, check for any available service agreements that can extend support after purchase.
   
6. Cost of Ownership
   While the initial cost of a used 312CL will typically be lower than new machines, buyers should also consider the ongoing cost of ownership. This includes:
   • Fuel consumption: The 312CL is relatively fuel-efficient for its class, but fuel consumption will vary depending on the job and operating conditions.
     
   • Insurance and taxes: These costs should be factored into your total operating expenses.
     
   • Repairs and parts replacement: As with any used equipment, you should budget for potential repairs or parts replacements in the near future, especially if the machine has higher hours or is older.
     

Where to Buy a Used 312CL
Used Caterpillar 312CL excavators can be found through several channels:

• Caterpillar Dealerships: Official dealerships often offer used machines that have been thoroughly inspected and refurbished. They also provide warranty options and post-sale support.
  
• Online Equipment Auctions: Websites like Ritchie Bros., IronPlanet, and other auction platforms often feature used excavators, including the 312CL. Auctions can be a great place to find machines at competitive prices, but they come with the risk of limited warranty or inspection time.
  
• Used Equipment Dealers: Many independent dealers specialize in used construction equipment and offer a variety of brands, including Caterpillar. Some dealers may offer trade-in options or financing plans.
  

Conclusion
Buying a used Caterpillar 312CL excavator can be a sound investment for construction companies, contractors, or anyone needing a reliable and versatile machine at a lower cost. By carefully evaluating the machine’s hours, condition, service history, and price, you can make an informed decision that will serve your business for years to come. As with any used heavy equipment purchase, the key to success lies in thorough research, a detailed inspection, and understanding the total cost of ownership. With these factors in mind, the 312CL is an excellent option for those in need of a durable, well-performing excavator at a fraction of the cost of a new model.