Track Tension Adjustments for the John Deere 455E

[MikePhua]

Introduction
The John Deere 455E crawler loader is a versatile machine used in construction, forestry, and other heavy industries. With its ability to perform a range of tasks, from excavation to material handling, the 455E is valued for its durability and efficiency. One of the key maintenance tasks for ensuring that the machine operates smoothly over its lifespan is track tension adjustment. Proper track tension ensures that the tracks provide the right amount of grip, prevent excessive wear, and maintain the overall performance of the machine.
In this article, we will explore the importance of track tension, the process of adjusting it, and the consequences of improper track tension. We'll also look at some common issues and troubleshooting techniques to help keep your John Deere 455E running efficiently.
Why Track Tension Matters
Track tension on a crawler machine is crucial because it impacts multiple aspects of the machine’s performance, including:

• Track Wear: Incorrect track tension can cause uneven wear. Too tight, and the track may wear prematurely on the inside edges; too loose, and it can slip, damaging the sprockets and idler wheels.
  
• Machine Stability: Properly tensioned tracks ensure that the machine operates with optimal stability. Loose tracks can cause the machine to become unstable and reduce its traction, especially in soft or uneven terrain.
  
• Fuel Efficiency: Tracks that are too tight increase friction and drag, leading to higher fuel consumption. Conversely, loose tracks may result in loss of power transfer, causing the engine to work harder to maintain speed.
  
• Hydraulic and Mechanical Stress: Over-tightened tracks increase the stress on the machine’s drive system and hydraulics, which can lead to unnecessary wear on key components.
  

Understanding the Track Tension Mechanism
The John Deere 455E, like most tracked equipment, uses a hydraulic track tensioning system to adjust and maintain the correct level of track tension. The system consists of a tensioner that is filled with hydraulic fluid, which can be adjusted to either tighten or loosen the tracks. The tension is usually measured using a track sag measurement, which helps determine whether the tracks are in proper tension.
Here are the main components of the track tensioning system:

• Track Tensioner: The hydraulic cylinder or grease-filled device used to adjust the track tension.
  
• Track Adjuster: This is the mechanism that allows you to add or release tension from the tracks.
  
• Track Sprockets and Idlers: These parts are affected by track tension and must work together for efficient operation.
  
• Track Rollers: Support the track while it is in motion and help maintain smooth operation.
  

How to Adjust Track Tension on the John Deere 455E

1. Inspect the Tracks
   Before attempting any adjustments, it's important to inspect the tracks for damage. Look for signs of excessive wear, broken links, or damage to the sprockets and idler wheels. If the tracks are significantly worn, it may be necessary to replace them entirely before adjusting the tension.
   
2. Check for Track Sag
   The first step in adjusting track tension is to measure the track sag, which is the amount of slack or droop in the track. For the John Deere 455E, the recommended track sag is usually between 1.5 to 2.5 inches (about 38 to 64 mm). This measurement is taken in the middle of the track, between the front and rear rollers.
   • Too much sag: If the track sag exceeds the recommended value, it means the track is too loose.
     
   • Too little sag: If the sag is less than the recommended value, the track is too tight.
     
3. Adjust the Track Tension
   Once the sag is determined, adjustments can be made using the track adjuster. Depending on the machine’s design, this may require:
   • Adding hydraulic fluid: For tightening the track, the hydraulic tensioning system is adjusted by adding fluid, which pushes the tensioner outwards.
     
   • Releasing hydraulic pressure: To loosen the track, hydraulic pressure is released, allowing the tensioner to contract.
     
   The adjustment is usually made using a grease fitting or hydraulic valve, depending on the model and configuration of the machine. Always refer to the manufacturer’s manual for specific instructions.
   
4. Recheck Track Sag
   After making the adjustment, measure the track sag again to ensure it falls within the recommended range. If necessary, make further adjustments until the correct tension is achieved.
   
5. Test the Tracks
   Once the adjustment is complete, perform a test by operating the machine for a few minutes in a safe area. Listen for any unusual noises or signs of abnormal operation, such as slipping or jerking. Recheck the track tension after the test run to confirm that the tension is still correct.
   

Signs That Track Tension Needs Adjustment
Improper track tension can lead to a variety of issues during operation. Here are some signs that indicate the track tension may need adjustment:

• Excessive Noise: If the machine makes clanking or grinding sounds, it could be a sign that the tracks are too tight, causing excess friction.
  
• Slipping Tracks: Loose tracks may slip off the drive sprockets, reducing the machine's efficiency and possibly causing damage.
  
• Uneven Track Wear: If you notice uneven wear on the track or sprockets, it could be an indication that the track tension is incorrect.
  
• Loss of Traction: If the machine seems to have reduced traction or stability, it could be due to either too tight or too loose tracks.
  

Consequences of Incorrect Track Tension

1. Too Tight: Over-tightened tracks lead to increased wear on the tracks and sprockets, and excessive stress on the drive motor and hydraulic components. It can also lead to overheating due to friction.
   
2. Too Loose: Loose tracks may not stay engaged with the sprockets properly, causing slippage, instability, and increased wear on the track rollers and other components. This can also lead to hydraulic fluid leaks and premature wear on the track adjuster.
   

Best Practices for Track Maintenance

1. Regular Inspections
   Conduct regular inspections to check the condition of the tracks, rollers, and the track adjuster. Look for signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or broken links, and address them immediately to prevent further damage.
   
2. Clean Tracks and Underbody
   Clean the tracks and undercarriage after use, especially if operating in muddy or snowy conditions. Dirt and debris can affect track performance and lead to accelerated wear.
   
3. Lubricate Components
   Regularly lubricate the track adjuster and other moving parts to ensure smooth operation. Check for any signs of rust or corrosion, particularly in wet or humid environments.
   
4. Avoid Overloading
   Avoid operating the machine at or near its maximum capacity for extended periods. Overloading increases stress on the tracks, sprockets, and drive system, potentially leading to premature wear.
   

Conclusion
Proper track tension is critical to maintaining the performance and longevity of the John Deere 455E skid steer. By regularly checking and adjusting the track tension, operators can avoid costly repairs and downtime. Whether you are tightening the tracks to improve stability or loosening them to prevent excessive friction, understanding the importance of track tension and following the proper procedures is essential for maintaining optimal performance.
Regular maintenance, proper inspections, and prompt adjustments will ensure that your John Deere 455E remains a reliable and efficient machine for years to come.