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The Evolution of the Cat 518 Platform
The Caterpillar 518 was originally designed as a mid-size cable skidder, widely used in forestry operations across North America. Built in Canada and later modified by various regional manufacturers, the 518 chassis became a versatile base for custom conversions. Its robust frame, reliable drivetrain, and compact footprint made it a candidate for adaptation into feller bunchers, compactors, and even site prep machines.
In the 1980s and 1990s, several companies in Texas and the Southeast began repurposing 518 units into feller bunchers by reversing controls and mounting Fleco shear heads. These machines were often used in softwood harvesting, with cutting capacities of 24 inches for pine and 18 inches for hardwood. Many sat idle in regions where timber demand was seasonal, leaving low-hour machines available for creative reuse.
Terminology Clarification
For operators managing small-scale landfill sites, full-size compactors like the Caterpillar 816 can be oversized and expensive. A converted 518 offers a middle ground—heavier than a dozer, more maneuverable than a full compactor, and significantly cheaper to build.
In one example, a landfill operator purchased a low-hour 518 feller buncher for $14,000 and invested another $8,000 in hydraulic lines, blade fabrication, and minor repairs. The result was a 35,000–40,000 lb machine capable of handling 12 loads per day with ease. Compared to a $50,000 set of remanufactured compactor wheels, the conversion was economically sound.
Blade Design and Spreading Efficiency
The blade used in the conversion was sourced from a Clark 290M and modified to tilt forward and backward. This tilt feature allowed the operator to manipulate loads more effectively—especially those containing wood, paper, or baled materials that resist rolling.
Key advantages of the blade setup included:
Operational Performance and Material Handling
The converted machine excelled at grinding waste into manageable pieces. In just a few passes, it could reduce bulky material to 3-inch fragments. Its weight and blade configuration allowed it to splinter small trees—up to 6 inches in diameter—during site clearing. These splintered trees could then be dried and piled for cover or erosion control.
The machine’s footprint was ideal for small lifts, where larger compactors would be inefficient. Its ability to spread loads that resisted rolling made it particularly useful for handling industrial waste, baled recyclables, and construction debris.
Challenges and Limitations
Despite its success, the converted 518 had limitations:
A Story from the Field
In Mississippi, a private landfill operator used the converted 518 to manage daily waste loads from a nearby automotive plant. One 50-yard container contained masking paper and fiber floor covering—materials notoriously difficult to spread with a dozer. The 518’s blade tilt and grinding action allowed the operator to compact the load in place without scattering it, saving time and reducing cover soil usage.
Later, the same machine was used to clear a thicket of pines on a new cell. It ran over the trees, splintered them, and allowed them to dry before piling. This dual-use capability made the machine a valuable asset beyond compaction.
Recommendations for Future Conversions
For operators considering similar conversions:
Converting a Cat 518 feller buncher into a landfill compactor is a practical and cost-effective solution for small-scale operations. With thoughtful blade design, hydraulic upgrades, and strategic use, these machines can outperform traditional dozers in spreading and compacting difficult waste loads. As landfill demands evolve, creative repurposing of forestry equipment offers a sustainable path forward—blending mechanical ingenuity with operational efficiency.
The Caterpillar 518 was originally designed as a mid-size cable skidder, widely used in forestry operations across North America. Built in Canada and later modified by various regional manufacturers, the 518 chassis became a versatile base for custom conversions. Its robust frame, reliable drivetrain, and compact footprint made it a candidate for adaptation into feller bunchers, compactors, and even site prep machines.
In the 1980s and 1990s, several companies in Texas and the Southeast began repurposing 518 units into feller bunchers by reversing controls and mounting Fleco shear heads. These machines were often used in softwood harvesting, with cutting capacities of 24 inches for pine and 18 inches for hardwood. Many sat idle in regions where timber demand was seasonal, leaving low-hour machines available for creative reuse.
Terminology Clarification
- Feller Buncher: A forestry machine that cuts and gathers trees before processing.
- Landfill Compactor: A heavy machine used to compress waste material in landfill cells.
- Shear Head: A hydraulic attachment used to cut trees, often mounted on feller bunchers.
- Lift Blade: A front-mounted blade capable of tilting forward or backward to spread and compact material.
- Watered Wheels: Wheels filled with water or ballast to increase compaction weight.
For operators managing small-scale landfill sites, full-size compactors like the Caterpillar 816 can be oversized and expensive. A converted 518 offers a middle ground—heavier than a dozer, more maneuverable than a full compactor, and significantly cheaper to build.
In one example, a landfill operator purchased a low-hour 518 feller buncher for $14,000 and invested another $8,000 in hydraulic lines, blade fabrication, and minor repairs. The result was a 35,000–40,000 lb machine capable of handling 12 loads per day with ease. Compared to a $50,000 set of remanufactured compactor wheels, the conversion was economically sound.
Blade Design and Spreading Efficiency
The blade used in the conversion was sourced from a Clark 290M and modified to tilt forward and backward. This tilt feature allowed the operator to manipulate loads more effectively—especially those containing wood, paper, or baled materials that resist rolling.
Key advantages of the blade setup included:
- Forward tilt raised the spill guard nearly two feet, helping break apart dense loads.
- Backward tilt improved compaction by allowing the blade to press material into thinner layers.
- The blade could be filled with cover soil during lift transitions, aiding in daily cover operations.
Operational Performance and Material Handling
The converted machine excelled at grinding waste into manageable pieces. In just a few passes, it could reduce bulky material to 3-inch fragments. Its weight and blade configuration allowed it to splinter small trees—up to 6 inches in diameter—during site clearing. These splintered trees could then be dried and piled for cover or erosion control.
The machine’s footprint was ideal for small lifts, where larger compactors would be inefficient. Its ability to spread loads that resisted rolling made it particularly useful for handling industrial waste, baled recyclables, and construction debris.
Challenges and Limitations
Despite its success, the converted 518 had limitations:
- It struggled to push dirt effectively due to the compactor-style feet, which dug into the soil.
- The blade’s tilt mechanism required careful operation to avoid overloading the hydraulic system.
- Without watered wheels, its compaction force was slightly lower than purpose-built machines.
A Story from the Field
In Mississippi, a private landfill operator used the converted 518 to manage daily waste loads from a nearby automotive plant. One 50-yard container contained masking paper and fiber floor covering—materials notoriously difficult to spread with a dozer. The 518’s blade tilt and grinding action allowed the operator to compact the load in place without scattering it, saving time and reducing cover soil usage.
Later, the same machine was used to clear a thicket of pines on a new cell. It ran over the trees, splintered them, and allowed them to dry before piling. This dual-use capability made the machine a valuable asset beyond compaction.
Recommendations for Future Conversions
For operators considering similar conversions:
- Source low-hour machines with intact hydraulic systems.
- Use blades with tilt capability for better load manipulation.
- Reinforce blade mounts and hydraulic lines to handle landfill stress.
- Consider building a second unit with teeth shaped for soil and rubbish, not just compaction.
- Monitor engine and head gasket health—older machines may require minor rebuilds.
Converting a Cat 518 feller buncher into a landfill compactor is a practical and cost-effective solution for small-scale operations. With thoughtful blade design, hydraulic upgrades, and strategic use, these machines can outperform traditional dozers in spreading and compacting difficult waste loads. As landfill demands evolve, creative repurposing of forestry equipment offers a sustainable path forward—blending mechanical ingenuity with operational efficiency.
