Reversing Control Pattern on a 1997 Hitachi 120-5: Changing from Excavator to Backhoe Mode

[MikePhua]

Heavy equipment operators often find themselves needing to adjust their control patterns to suit different types of machinery or jobsite requirements. In particular, excavators and backhoes—though they may share similar functions—often require different control systems for efficient operation. The Hitachi 120-5, a versatile and popular excavator, offers the ability to reverse the control pattern, switching from the typical excavator controls to the backhoe-style controls. This feature can be especially useful for operators who switch between various types of machinery or need to operate the machine in a way that mimics backhoe controls.
In this article, we will take a closer look at how to reverse the control pattern on a 1997 Hitachi 120-5, the purpose of the switch, and the benefits it brings to both operators and equipment owners. We will also dive into some key terminology, explain the significance of control patterns, and offer helpful tips for both new and experienced operators.
Understanding Control Patterns: Excavator vs. Backhoe
Before delving into the process of reversing the control pattern, it's important to understand the difference between excavator controls and backhoe controls. These two systems are fundamentally different and require distinct approaches to operation.
Excavator Control Pattern:

• In an excavator, the controls are generally set up so that the left joystick controls the boom (up and down) and the swing (rotation), while the right joystick handles the arm (in and out) and the bucket (tilt).
  
• The operator’s hands move in a pattern similar to driving a car—one hand controlling the up-and-down and swing, while the other controls the reach and bucket.
  

Backhoe Control Pattern:

• A backhoe’s control pattern is often the reverse, especially in older models. The left joystick controls the arm (in and out) and bucket (tilt), while the right joystick controls the boom (up and down) and swing.
  
• This control configuration is more intuitive for operators used to driving a backhoe since the controls mimic the movements they would make while working with a backhoe.
  

Understanding these differences is crucial for operators who frequently switch between excavators and backhoes. This is particularly important for the Hitachi 120-5, where the ability to reverse the control pattern makes it easier for operators to seamlessly transition between the two styles.
Why Change the Control Pattern?
Changing the control pattern from excavator to backhoe mode may not be necessary for every operator. However, for those who regularly switch between these two types of machinery, the option to reverse the controls offers several key benefits:

1. Increased Comfort and Familiarity:
   • Operators who have more experience with backhoe-style controls may find it easier to adjust to a machine like the Hitachi 120-5 when it mimics the controls of a backhoe.
     
   • Likewise, for operators who are used to excavator controls, the ability to return to the standard pattern when needed ensures comfort and efficiency.
     
2. Enhanced Efficiency:
   • Switching to the preferred control pattern can help operators work faster, reducing the time spent adjusting to unfamiliar control layouts. This efficiency can lead to faster cycle times and improved productivity, especially on complex job sites.
     
3. Versatility:
   • The ability to change control patterns makes the machine more versatile for a variety of tasks. Operators can use the same machine for both excavator and backhoe operations, adapting the controls to suit the job at hand. This can be especially useful in industries like construction, demolition, or landscaping, where both types of machinery may be needed on the same site.
     

How to Reverse the Control Pattern on a 1997 Hitachi 120-5
The process for reversing the control pattern on a 1997 Hitachi 120-5 is relatively straightforward, but it does require the operator to be familiar with the machine's controls and safety protocols. Below is a step-by-step guide to help operators safely and efficiently switch between the excavator and backhoe control patterns:
1. Locate the Control Pattern Switch
On the 1997 Hitachi 120-5, the control pattern switch is typically located near the operator’s seat. The switch may be part of the hydraulic control valve system or an electronic toggle switch, depending on the model and configuration of the machine. Consult the operator’s manual for the exact location and instructions for your specific model.
2. Ensure the Machine is at Idle
Before making any changes to the control pattern, it is important to ensure that the machine is at idle. This ensures that no hydraulic pressure is active while making the switch. Engaging the hydraulic controls while changing the pattern could lead to damage or misalignment of the hydraulic system.
3. Engage the Control Pattern Change Mechanism
Once the machine is at idle, engage the control pattern switch. If your model has a manual lever, simply pull or push it to switch from excavator to backhoe mode. For models with electronic controls, toggle the switch to the desired control pattern. The control pattern change may be accompanied by a clicking sound or a light on the dashboard, signaling that the system has been successfully switched.
4. Test the Controls
Once the pattern is reversed, it’s important to test the machine’s controls to ensure that the change was successful. Gently operate the joysticks to verify that the boom, swing, arm, and bucket respond according to the new control pattern. If any issues are found, stop operating immediately and check for any loose connections or system faults.
5. Resume Operation
After confirming the controls are working correctly, resume operation of the machine with the new control pattern. Take care when using the machine in its new configuration, especially if you are not accustomed to backhoe-style controls. It’s always a good idea to start with a few test moves in a safe, open area before moving on to more complex tasks.
Potential Challenges and Considerations
While switching control patterns can significantly improve comfort and productivity, there are some challenges to be aware of:

1. Learning Curve:
   • Operators who are used to one type of control system may initially find the switch confusing. For example, excavator operators may need time to adjust to the backhoe-style pattern, and vice versa.
     
   • It’s crucial to practice and familiarize oneself with the new control layout before attempting complex tasks on the job site.
     
2. System Integrity:
   • The hydraulic and electronic systems in the control pattern switch mechanism must be regularly maintained to prevent malfunctions. If the system becomes misaligned or if the switch mechanism fails, the operator may experience inconsistent or unresponsive control patterns.
     
3. Operator Preference:
   • Some operators may have a strong preference for one control pattern over the other, and it can be difficult to adapt quickly. Communication among teams working with the machine is key to ensuring that everyone is comfortable with the switch and understands how the controls work.
     

Conclusion
The ability to reverse the control pattern on a 1997 Hitachi 120-5 provides operators with enhanced flexibility, comfort, and efficiency. This feature is invaluable for those who regularly switch between excavators and backhoes, offering the opportunity to operate both types of machinery with minimal transition time. By understanding the differences between control patterns, familiarizing oneself with the switch mechanism, and following safety protocols, operators can make the most out of this versatile machine and tackle a wide range of tasks with ease.