Understanding and Troubleshooting Wiper Issues in Heavy Equipment

[MikePhua]

Wipers are a crucial yet often overlooked component of heavy equipment, responsible for maintaining clear visibility during adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, or dust. Proper functioning of the wiper system ensures operator safety and operational efficiency. This article delves into common wiper problems, troubleshooting methods, and maintenance tips specifically tailored to heavy equipment like loaders, excavators, and trucks.
Common Wiper Problems in Heavy Equipment
Wiper issues can stem from mechanical failures, electrical faults, or wear and tear. Some frequent problems include:

• Wipers not moving at all
  
• Intermittent operation or speed issues
  
• Wipers moving too slowly or too fast
  
• Wipers skipping or leaving streaks on the glass
  
• Unusual noises during operation
  

Understanding these problems helps in pinpointing the cause and applying the right fix.
Wiper System Components and Terminology

• Wiper Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion to drive the wipers.
  
• Wiper Linkage/Arm: Connects the motor to the wiper blades, transferring motion.
  
• Wiper Blades: The rubber or silicone strips that physically clear the windshield.
  
• Wiper Switch/Control: Allows the operator to activate and control the wipers.
  
• Wiper Relay/Fuse: Protects electrical circuits and controls power delivery.
  

Diagnosing Wiper Malfunctions

1. Wipers Do Not Move
   Possible causes:
   • Blown fuse or faulty relay.
     
   • Burnt-out wiper motor.
     
   • Broken or disconnected linkage.
     
   • Faulty wiper switch.
     
   Troubleshooting:
   • Inspect and replace blown fuses or relays.
     
   • Test motor functionality by direct wiring.
     
   • Examine linkage for mechanical failure or disconnection.
     
   • Check switch continuity with a multimeter.
     
2. Intermittent or Erratic Operation
   Possible causes:
   • Loose or corroded electrical connections.
     
   • Faulty wiper switch.
     
   • Motor brushes worn or failing.
     
   Troubleshooting:
   • Clean and secure all wiring connections.
     
   • Replace faulty switches.
     
   • Service or replace the motor if brushes are worn.
     
3. Wipers Move Too Slowly or Fast
   Possible causes:
   • Voltage irregularities.
     
   • Worn motor components.
     
   • Obstruction or binding in the linkage.
     
   Troubleshooting:
   • Check battery and alternator health.
     
   • Lubricate or replace linkage parts.
     
   • Repair or replace motor as necessary.
     
4. Wipers Skip or Leave Streaks
   Possible causes:
   • Worn or hardened wiper blades.
     
   • Dirty or damaged windshield.
     
   • Improper blade installation.
     
   Troubleshooting:
   • Replace blades regularly.
     
   • Clean windshield thoroughly.
     
   • Ensure correct blade mounting.
     
5. Unusual Noises
   Possible causes:
   • Dry or worn linkage joints.
     
   • Motor bearing wear.
     
   Troubleshooting:
   • Lubricate all moving parts.
     
   • Replace motor if bearings fail.
     

Maintenance Tips for Prolonged Wiper Life

• Regularly inspect blades for cracks or stiffness.
  
• Clean blades and windshield frequently to reduce wear.
  
• Check electrical connections for corrosion or looseness.
  
• Lubricate the linkage pivots annually.
  
• Replace wiper motors and switches at the first signs of electrical or mechanical failure.
  

Additional Insights and Case Stories
Operators working in harsh environments, such as mining or forestry, often face accelerated wiper wear due to dust and debris. One story recalls a loader operator whose wiper motor burned out mid-shift during a rainstorm, temporarily halting work until a replacement motor was sourced. This highlights the importance of keeping spare parts and performing preventive maintenance.
In another case, improper blade installation caused repeated streaking on a bulldozer's windshield. Correcting the blade orientation resolved the issue and improved visibility.
Summary of Key Points

• Wiper systems include motor, linkage, blades, switch, relay, and fuse.
  
• Common issues: non-operation, erratic behavior, speed problems, streaking, and noise.
  
• Troubleshooting involves inspecting electrical components, mechanical linkages, and blades.
  
• Preventive maintenance extends the life and effectiveness of wipers.
  
• Proper blade installation and cleanliness are vital for optimal performance.
  

By understanding the components and common issues of wiper systems in heavy equipment, operators and maintenance personnel can ensure safer and more efficient operations under various weather conditions. Regular checks, timely repairs, and proper maintenance not only protect the equipment but also contribute to the overall productivity on site.