Mastering the Float Function on Skid Steers: Technique, Safety, and Field Wisdom

[MikePhua]

What Is the Float Function
The float function on a skid steer loader allows the lift arms or bucket to follow the contours of the ground without hydraulic resistance. When activated, the hydraulic pressure holding the lift arms is released, enabling the attachment to “float” freely. This is especially useful for tasks like back-dragging gravel, grading sand, or snow removal, where surface conformity is key.
Key Terminology

• Float Detent: A mechanical lock in the control lever or pedal that holds the valve open, allowing hydraulic fluid to bypass and the arms to float.
  
• Loader Control Lever: The joystick or handle used to raise and lower the loader arms.
  
• ISO Control Pattern: A control layout where the right joystick typically manages loader functions.
  
• CASE Control Pattern: A layout where the left joystick controls loader lift and float.
  
• Back-Dragging: Pulling material backward with the bucket edge to smooth or level a surface.
  

How to Engage Float Mode

• CASE Pattern Machines
  Push the left control lever fully forward toward your leg until it locks into the float detent. This allows the loader arms to move freely with ground contours.
  
• ISO Pattern Machines
  Push the right control lever all the way forward. It should lock into place, activating float mode.
  
• Foot Pedal Models
  Press the top of the lift pedal down firmly until it clicks into the detent position. To exit float, press the rear of the pedal.
  

Field Anecdote: Kansas Rock Lot Finish
A contractor in Kansas used float mode extensively while finishing a parking lot with crushed rock. By back-dragging in float, the bucket followed the terrain naturally, smoothing out high spots without gouging. The operator noted that using float in reverse required finesse—too much downward angle and the bucket would dig in, creating ruts.
Common Mistakes and Misconceptions

• Float Is Not Automatic
  Some operators assume the bucket will float when lowered. In reality, float must be manually engaged via the detent.
  
• Float Doesn’t Work in All Directions
  While float can be used forward or backward, forward motion requires careful bucket angle adjustment to avoid digging.
  
• Magnetic Detent Failure
  On some machines, a magnet or spring holds the lever in float. If this fails, the lever won’t stay locked, and float won’t engage.
  

Historical Insight: Evolution of Float Controls
Early skid steers lacked float functionality, requiring manual finesse to follow terrain. As hydraulic systems advanced in the 1980s, manufacturers introduced float detents to improve grading and reduce operator fatigue. Today, float is standard on most loaders, but its use remains underappreciated by novice operators.
Modern Case Study: Snow Removal in North Dakota
A municipal crew used float mode during snow clearing to avoid damaging pavement. The bucket skimmed the surface, pushing snow without scraping or lifting. Operators reported smoother control and less wear on cutting edges. The key was keeping the bucket level and avoiding aggressive angles.
Tips for Effective Float Use

• Set the Bucket Angle First
  Before engaging float, position the bucket so it won’t dig or lift unexpectedly.
  
• Use Float for Final Passes
  Ideal for finishing work—grading, smoothing, or cleanup.
  
• Inspect Detent Mechanism
  If float won’t engage, check for rust, debris, or worn springs in the detent assembly.
  
• Practice in Open Areas
  New operators should experiment with float on loose soil or gravel to understand its behavior.
  

Conclusion
Float mode is a subtle but powerful feature that enhances control, reduces wear, and improves finish quality. Whether you're grading a driveway, clearing snow, or smoothing sand, mastering float can elevate your results and reduce operator fatigue. Like many aspects of heavy equipment operation, it’s not just about knowing—it’s about feeling the machine and letting it work with the terrain.