Troubleshooting Hydraulic Response Issues in the Ford 655A Tractor

[MikePhua]

The Ford 655A tractor, a workhorse in the heavy equipment industry, is well-regarded for its durability and versatility. However, like all machinery, it is not immune to operational issues. One of the more common problems owners of the Ford 655A encounter is poor hydraulic response. This issue can affect the machine’s overall performance, leading to sluggish operation of the loader or backhoe arms, slow lifting speeds, or delayed response when engaging hydraulics.
In this article, we will explore the causes of hydraulic response issues in the Ford 655A, provide a step-by-step guide on diagnosing the problem, and offer practical solutions to resolve it. Whether you’re a seasoned operator or a new owner, understanding these common hydraulic problems can help keep your tractor running smoothly and avoid costly repairs.
Understanding the Ford 655A Hydraulic System
The Ford 655A is equipped with a hydraulic system that powers a variety of functions on the machine, including the loader, backhoe, and steering. Hydraulic systems rely on fluid under pressure to transmit force to different parts of the machine. Any interruption in this process, such as low fluid levels or a malfunctioning pump, can lead to poor hydraulic performance.
The system includes key components like the hydraulic pump, control valves, filters, and the hydraulic cylinders that power the arms and other attachments. A problem with any of these components can result in reduced hydraulic efficiency, which manifests as a slow or unresponsive reaction when operating the machine.
Common Causes of Hydraulic Response Issues
Several factors can cause hydraulic response issues in the Ford 655A tractor. Below are some of the most common culprits:
1. Low Hydraulic Fluid Levels
One of the most common causes of sluggish or poor hydraulic response is low hydraulic fluid levels. If the fluid is below the recommended level, the hydraulic system will not have enough pressure to operate the machine effectively. Additionally, air entering the system due to low fluid levels can cause irregular operation.

• Example: A farmer using the Ford 655A for digging trenches noticed that the backhoe arm was lifting slowly, and the loader was unresponsive. After checking the fluid levels, he found that they were significantly low. Upon topping up the fluid, the tractor’s hydraulic response improved.
  

Solution: Always check hydraulic fluid levels regularly, especially if you notice any unusual behavior from the machine. Top up the fluid as needed, using the manufacturer-recommended hydraulic oil. Ensure there are no leaks in the system that could be causing the fluid loss.
2. Clogged or Dirty Hydraulic Filters
The hydraulic system in the Ford 655A uses filters to prevent contaminants from entering the hydraulic fluid and causing damage to the pump and valves. Over time, these filters can become clogged with dirt, debris, and metal particles, restricting fluid flow and reducing the system’s efficiency.

• Story: A contractor working with a Ford 655A tractor for construction work reported that the loader function was very slow, and there was a noticeable drop in lifting power. After inspecting the hydraulic filters, he found that the filters were heavily clogged. Replacing the filters immediately restored normal hydraulic function.
  

Solution: Inspect the hydraulic filters regularly and replace them as part of routine maintenance. If you notice a drop in performance, it’s worth checking the filters even if they haven’t reached their expected lifespan.
3. Faulty Hydraulic Pump
The hydraulic pump is responsible for circulating hydraulic fluid throughout the system, ensuring that fluid is pressurized and delivered to the necessary components. If the pump is failing or has worn out, it can cause reduced pressure, leading to poor hydraulic response.

• Example: A mechanic working on a Ford 655A experienced slow hydraulics when testing a customer’s machine. After further investigation, he determined that the hydraulic pump was malfunctioning and not providing adequate pressure. Replacing the pump restored the hydraulic system’s performance.
  

Solution: If you suspect a pump issue, it’s best to have the pump pressure tested by a qualified technician. If the pump is found to be faulty, replacing it will restore normal function. Be sure to use OEM parts for optimal performance.
4. Air in the Hydraulic System
Air trapped in the hydraulic system can cause cavitation, which leads to erratic and sluggish hydraulic response. This is particularly common when the system has been opened for maintenance, such as during a fluid change or after replacing a component.

• Story: A fleet operator noticed that their Ford 655A’s loader wouldn’t lift properly, and the backhoe arm was jerky when moved. After investigating, it was discovered that air had entered the hydraulic system during a recent fluid change. The system was properly bled, and normal operation was restored.
  

Solution: To avoid air in the hydraulic system, always follow the manufacturer’s procedure for fluid changes and maintenance. If air has entered the system, bleeding the system will remove the air and restore normal function.
5. Leaking Hydraulic Seals
Another possible cause of poor hydraulic response is leaking seals in the hydraulic cylinders. If the seals on the hydraulic cylinders wear out or become damaged, hydraulic fluid can leak, reducing the system’s overall pressure and performance.

• Example: A construction worker noticed that the Ford 655A’s backhoe arm was struggling to hold its position, often drifting down even when the lever was in the "up" position. After inspecting the hydraulic cylinders, the worker discovered a small leak near one of the seals, which was causing the pressure loss.
  

Solution: Inspect hydraulic cylinders regularly for any signs of leaks or damage to the seals. If a leak is discovered, replace the seals and check for any further damage to the cylinder. In some cases, the entire cylinder may need to be replaced if the damage is severe.
6. Faulty Control Valves
Control valves regulate the flow of hydraulic fluid to different parts of the machine, including the loader and backhoe. If these valves are faulty or malfunctioning, they can cause irregular or slow hydraulic response, making it difficult to control the equipment.

• Story: A contractor with a Ford 655A noticed that the loader was moving unevenly, with one side lifting faster than the other. After examining the control valve, he found that one of the valves was sticking and not delivering the same fluid flow to both sides of the loader. Cleaning or replacing the valve resolved the issue.
  

Solution: Check the control valves for any signs of wear or malfunction. If the valves are not functioning correctly, they will need to be repaired or replaced. In some cases, a valve might just need to be cleaned or adjusted to restore proper function.
Preventive Maintenance to Avoid Hydraulic Response Issues
To prevent hydraulic response problems and extend the life of the Ford 655A's hydraulic system, regular maintenance is crucial. Here are some key tips:

• Change Hydraulic Fluid Regularly: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended schedule for changing hydraulic fluid and filters. Fresh fluid ensures optimal performance and prevents contamination.
  
• Inspect Seals and Hoses: Regularly inspect hydraulic seals, hoses, and lines for leaks, cracks, or signs of wear. Replace damaged components promptly to avoid larger issues.
  
• Bleed the System: After performing any hydraulic maintenance or fluid changes, always bleed the system to ensure that air doesn’t get trapped inside.
  
• Check for Leaks: Regularly check for any oil leaks around the cylinders, pump, and lines. Even small leaks can affect hydraulic performance over time.
  
• Monitor Hydraulic Pressure: Use a hydraulic pressure gauge to monitor system pressure and ensure it remains within the recommended range. Low pressure could indicate a problem with the pump or a restriction in the system.
  

Conclusion
Hydraulic response issues in the Ford 655A tractor can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from low fluid levels to faulty pumps or valves. By understanding these common causes and implementing regular maintenance practices, you can avoid or quickly resolve these issues and keep your machine running at its best. Remember that addressing small problems early can prevent more significant issues down the road, ensuring your tractor continues to perform reliably in demanding work environments.
Properly maintaining the hydraulic system is essential for the longevity of your equipment, and following the tips provided here will help you avoid downtime and keep your Ford 655A in peak condition.