Bobcat 1835B skid steers are widely known for their versatility, robust performance, and compact design, making them a favorite for construction, landscaping, and agricultural tasks. However, like any piece of heavy equipment, these machines can develop issues over time. One common problem reported by operators is "jerky" or "bucking" behavior, which can affect their operation and overall performance. This article explores potential causes of jerky or bucking behavior in Bobcat 1835B skid steers and provides solutions and preventive measures for maintaining smooth operation.
Understanding Jerky or Bucking Behavior in Skid Steers
Jerky or bucking behavior in a skid steer refers to sudden, unexpected movements that cause the machine to lurch forward or backward in a disruptive, uneven manner. This issue can affect the machine’s ability to move smoothly, making tasks like grading, lifting, or hauling difficult and inefficient.
These symptoms can vary from minor jolts when operating at low speeds to more pronounced bucking during acceleration or when attempting to lift heavy loads. Identifying the root cause of this behavior is critical, as it can point to specific mechanical or hydraulic issues within the skid steer.
Common Causes of Jerky or Bucking Movement
There are several possible reasons for jerky or bucking behavior in a Bobcat 1835B skid steer. The most common causes include issues with the drive system, hydraulic system, or even operator errors. Let’s take a closer look at these potential causes.
1. Hydraulic System Malfunction
The hydraulic system plays a crucial role in controlling the movement of the skid steer, particularly in its drive motors and bucket operations. If there is a malfunction or restriction within the hydraulic system, it can lead to jerky movements.

• Low Hydraulic Fluid: Insufficient hydraulic fluid can cause inconsistent pressure, leading to jerky movements when operating the drive motors or other hydraulic-powered components.
  
• Air in the Hydraulic Lines: Air bubbles trapped in the hydraulic fluid can cause pressure surges, resulting in uneven movements. This can occur due to improper maintenance or leaks in the hydraulic system.
  
• Faulty Hydraulic Pump or Valves: A failing hydraulic pump or malfunctioning valves can cause irregular fluid flow, affecting the machine's ability to move smoothly.
  

• Worn Drive Belts: The drive belt may slip or wear down over time, causing inconsistent power delivery to the drive motors. This could lead to a sudden lurching of the skid steer.
  
• Drive Motor Failure: If one of the drive motors is not functioning properly or is partially seized, it could cause one side of the skid steer to move erratically, resulting in bucking motions.
  

• Worn Joystick Components: Over time, the internal components of the joystick can wear down, resulting in inconsistent signals or delayed responses.
  
• Electrical or Wiring Issues: Electrical issues, such as faulty sensors or wiring, can disrupt the communication between the joystick controls and the hydraulic system.
  

• Check Hydraulic Fluid: Ensure that the hydraulic fluid is clean and at the proper level. Replace it regularly and always use the recommended fluid type.
  
• Inspect Drive Motors: Regularly inspect drive motors, belts, and associated components for signs of wear or damage.
  
• Calibrate Joysticks: Regularly calibrate joystick controls to ensure that they are properly aligned and functioning.
  
• Perform Routine Inspections: Conduct a thorough inspection of the hydraulic system, drive motors, and electrical components to identify any potential issues early on.
  
• Use the Machine Properly: Train operators to handle the skid steer with care, using smooth acceleration and deceleration to avoid jerky movements.
  

The Evolution of the 544 Series
John Deere’s 544 wheel loader series has been a cornerstone of mid-size material handling since its introduction in the 1970s. Designed to bridge the gap between compact loaders and heavy-duty models, the 544 series has undergone multiple generational upgrades—from the original 544A to the current 544 P-Tier—each iteration refining powertrain efficiency, hydraulic responsiveness, and operator comfort. Deere, founded in 1837, has sold tens of thousands of 544-class loaders globally, with strong adoption in construction, agriculture, and municipal fleets.
The 544 series is known for its balance of lifting capacity, maneuverability, and serviceability. Whether loading trucks, stockpiling aggregate, or clearing snow, the machine’s adaptability makes it a favorite among operators who value performance without excessive bulk.
Terminology Notes

• Powershift Transmission: A gearbox that allows gear changes without clutching, using hydraulic clutches for smooth transitions.
  
• Z-Bar Linkage: A loader arm configuration that maximizes breakout force and visibility.
  
• EH Controls: Electrohydraulic controls that allow precise, programmable operation of hydraulic functions.
  
• JDLink: John Deere’s telematics system for remote diagnostics, machine tracking, and performance monitoring.
  

• Net engine power: ~166 hp
  
• Operating weight: ~29,000 lbs
  
• Bucket capacity: 2.75–4.0 yd³
  
• Breakout force: ~28,000 lbs
  
• Travel speed: up to 25 mph
  
• Hydraulic flow: ~45 gpm
  

• Standard Z-bar linkage for general-purpose loading
  
• High-lift linkage for increased dump height
  
• Quick coupler systems for fast attachment changes
  
• Ride control for smoother travel over rough terrain
  
• Reversible fan for debris clearing in dusty environments
  

• General-purpose and light material buckets
  
• Forks for pallet handling
  
• Grapples for brush and debris
  
• Snow blades and pushers
  
• Material plows and pipe grapples
  

• Adjustable air suspension seat
  
• Low-effort joystick steering
  
• Programmable hydraulic response curves
  
• Auto-idle and auto-shutdown for fuel savings
  
• Visibility enhancements with LED lighting and panoramic glass
  

• Hydraulic hose wear near articulation joints
  
• Electrical faults in joystick wiring or display panel
  
• Transmission hesitation during cold starts
  
• Cooling system clogging in dusty environments
  
• Sensor calibration drift affecting JDLink diagnostics
  

• Inspect hydraulic lines every 250 hours and use abrasion sleeves
  
• Clean radiator fins weekly and install debris screens in dusty zones
  
• Update software quarterly via JDLink to maintain sensor accuracy
  
• Replace joystick harnesses every 2,000 hours or when faults appear
  
• Use synthetic transmission fluid in cold climates to improve shift quality
  

• Grease all pivot points every 50 hours
  
• Change engine oil every 250 hours and hydraulic fluid every 1,000 hours
  
• Inspect tire pressure weekly and rotate seasonally
  
• Monitor bucket wear edges and replace when thickness drops below spec
  
• Keep a service log with hour-based intervals and fault history
  

Barge unloading is a crucial operation for transporting bulk materials such as sand, gravel, coal, cement, or agricultural products. It is commonly used in areas where land-based transportation is not feasible or cost-effective. Unloading from barges requires a strategic approach, combining heavy equipment, specialized machinery, and safe practices. This article delves into the various methods, equipment, and considerations for successful barge unloading.
Understanding Barge Unloading
Barge unloading involves transferring cargo from a floating vessel to a dock or directly onto trucks for further transportation. The process can be complex, depending on the type of cargo, the barge's size, and the location of the unloading site. Efficient unloading methods ensure that operations run smoothly, and delays are minimized, which is critical in industries like construction, mining, and agriculture.
There are several methods for unloading, each designed to suit different kinds of cargo and operational settings. The most common techniques include:

• Grain Unloading Systems: For materials like grain or other agricultural products, pneumatic or mechanical systems are often used to transfer cargo. These systems can be customized to handle large volumes efficiently.
  
• Bulk Material Handling: For bulk goods like coal, cement, or sand, excavators and cranes equipped with buckets or grapples are typically used to scoop or grab cargo and load it onto transport vehicles or conveyor systems.
  

• Pros: Highly versatile; capable of unloading heavy, loose materials.
  
• Cons: Slow operation due to the manual or semi-automatic nature of the system.
  

• Pros: Efficient for continuous unloading; reduces the need for multiple handling processes.
  
• Cons: Installation costs; requires substantial space for conveyor systems.
  

• Pros: Flexible and effective for unloading a variety of materials, from loose sand to heavy machinery.
  
• Cons: Limited reach when unloading from barges with high sides or in rough conditions.
  

• Pros: Minimal human labor required; clean, dust-free operation.
  
• Cons: Limited to dry, granular materials; requires specialized equipment and infrastructure.
  

• Life jackets: Essential for workers near the water’s edge.
  
• Hard hats: Protects workers from falling objects.
  
• Safety boots: Ensures protection from slips and heavy objects.
  
• Gloves and protective clothing: To protect workers when handling materials that may be hot or abrasive.
  

• Containment barriers: Used to prevent materials from spilling into the water.
  
• Dust suppression systems: Reduces airborne particles during the unloading of dry materials.
  
• Proper disposal of waste: Any waste generated during unloading should be handled responsibly and disposed of in accordance with environmental regulations.
  

• Regular inspections of mooring lines and equipment.
  
• Use of tugboats to stabilize the barge during unloading.
  

• Match equipment to material: Using the right tools for specific materials (e.g., pneumatic systems for grains, hydraulic excavators for rocks) can speed up the process.
  
• Use automated systems where possible: Automation can reduce labor costs and improve consistency in unloading.
  
• Maintain equipment: Regular maintenance of cranes, excavators, and conveyor systems ensures smoother operations and reduces downtime.
  

Caterpillar’s 953C and Its Role in Versatile Earthmoving
The Caterpillar 953C track loader was introduced in the late 1990s as part of Caterpillar’s ongoing refinement of its mid-size crawler loader lineup. Designed to replace the 953B, the 953C offered improved operator comfort, enhanced hydraulic response, and a more efficient powertrain. With an operating weight of approximately 33,000 lbs and a net horsepower rating of 150 hp, the 953C became a popular choice for contractors working in demolition, site prep, landfill operations, and utility trenching.
Caterpillar, founded in 1925, has sold hundreds of thousands of track loaders globally, and the 953 series remains one of the most widely used in its class. The 953C’s undercarriage system, while robust, requires careful attention to track tension and alignment to avoid premature wear and performance issues.
Terminology Notes

• Track Tension: The tightness of the track chain around the undercarriage components, critical for traction and longevity.
  
• Track Adjuster: A hydraulic or grease-filled cylinder that pushes the idler forward to tighten the track.
  
• Idler: A wheel at the front of the track frame that guides the track and receives force from the adjuster.
  
• Relief Valve: A pressure-regulating component that allows grease to escape from the adjuster cylinder during tension release.
  

• Excessive slack or sag in the track chain
  
• Track jumping off the rollers during turns or reverse travel
  
• Difficulty maintaining straight travel on uneven terrain
  
• Increased wear on sprockets, rollers, and track links
  
• Hydraulic grease leakage from the adjuster housing
  

• Leaking or damaged grease fittings on the adjuster cylinder
  
• Seized relief valve preventing proper pressure release
  
• Worn idler bushings causing misalignment
  
• Internal corrosion or contamination in the adjuster housing
  
• Over-tightening leading to excessive strain on rollers and links
  

• Measure track sag at the midpoint between the carrier roller and idler; typical spec is 2–3 inches of drop
  
• Inspect grease fitting for cracks, leaks, or missing caps
  
• Test relief valve by applying pressure and observing grease discharge
  
• Check idler alignment and bushing wear visually
  
• Monitor track movement during slow turns and reverse travel
  

• Inspect track tension weekly, especially in muddy or abrasive conditions
  
• Clean grease fittings and apply fresh grease every 100 hours
  
• Replace relief valves annually or when leakage is detected
  
• Monitor idler movement and replace bushings every 2,000 hours
  
• Avoid over-tightening; follow Caterpillar’s tension spec based on track type and wear level
  

Kubota’s Entry into the Skid Steer Segment
Kubota, founded in 1890 in Osaka, Japan, has long been a global leader in compact tractors, utility vehicles, and construction equipment. While the company built its reputation on agricultural machinery, its expansion into compact construction equipment accelerated in the early 2000s. Kubota’s skid steer loaders were introduced to compete with established brands like Bobcat, Case, and Caterpillar, offering a blend of reliability, fuel efficiency, and operator comfort.
Kubota’s initial skid steer models were designed to meet the needs of landscapers, contractors, and municipalities seeking maneuverable machines with strong lifting capacity and low operating costs. Though not produced in the same volume as their compact track loaders, Kubota’s skid steers carved out a niche among loyal users who valued simplicity and serviceability.
Terminology Notes

• Skid Steer Loader: A compact, rigid-frame machine with lift arms that can support a variety of attachments, steered by differential wheel speed.
  
• Vertical Lift: A loader arm design that maintains a straight upward path, ideal for loading trucks and lifting heavy materials.
  
• Radial Lift: A loader arm design that arcs outward during lift, offering better reach at mid-height and suited for digging.
  
• Auxiliary Hydraulics: Additional hydraulic circuits used to power attachments like augers, grapples, and trenchers.
  

• Operating weights between 6,000 and 7,500 lbs
  
• Rated operating capacities from 1,800 to 2,300 lbs
  
• Kubota diesel engines ranging from 60 to 75 hp
  
• Mechanical hand and foot controls or pilot joystick options
  
• Hydraulic flow rates around 18–22 gpm
  

• Smooth and responsive in tight spaces
  
• Easy to maintain with accessible filters and fluid reservoirs
  
• Stable during lifting and grading tasks
  
• Comfortable for long shifts due to cab insulation and seat suspension
  
• Reliable in cold starts and fuel economy
  

• Hydraulic coupler leaks due to improper attachment seating
  
• Electrical faults in safety switches and ignition circuits
  
• Track tension loss in converted track kits
  
• Lift arm drift caused by worn cylinder seals
  
• Engine hesitation under full hydraulic load
  

• Use quick coupler caps and clean fittings before attachment changes
  
• Inspect wiring harnesses quarterly and apply dielectric grease to connectors
  
• Monitor hydraulic fluid levels and replace filters every 500 hours
  
• Replace cylinder seals every 1,000 hours or when drift is detected
  
• Use OEM engine oil and fuel filters to maintain combustion efficiency
  

• Standard buckets and 4-in-1 buckets
  
• Hydraulic augers and trenchers
  
• Pallet forks and bale spears
  
• Brush cutters and snow blowers
  
• Grapples and stump grinders
  

• Grease pivot points every 50 hours and inspect loader pins
  
• Change engine oil every 250 hours and hydraulic fluid every 500 hours
  
• Monitor tire pressure weekly and rotate tires seasonally
  
• Inspect lift and tilt cylinders for leaks or scoring
  
• Keep a maintenance log with hour-based intervals and service history
  

In recent years, Chinese-made excavators have gained significant traction in global markets, offering a more affordable alternative to traditional brands such as Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Volvo. These machines have sparked discussions about their quality, performance, and the reasons behind their relatively lower price tags. In this article, we will explore the factors that contribute to the cost-effectiveness of Chinese excavators, compare them with their more expensive counterparts, and examine the key reasons why they can afford to be sold at such competitive prices.
Manufacturing and Production Cost Advantage
One of the primary reasons why Chinese excavators are more affordable than those from established brands is the difference in manufacturing costs. China has long been known for its ability to produce high-quality machinery at a fraction of the cost seen in Western countries. Several factors contribute to this:

• Labor Costs: Labor costs in China are typically much lower compared to countries like the United States or Japan. Skilled labor may still be expensive in China, but it is nowhere near the cost of workers in developed nations. This leads to lower overall production costs.
  
• Economies of Scale: Chinese manufacturers, such as SANY, XCMG, and LiuGong, produce excavators in vast quantities, which helps reduce the cost per unit. The sheer scale of production and the ability to standardize components further reduce costs.
  
• Government Support: The Chinese government provides various forms of financial support and subsidies to domestic manufacturers. This support may include favorable loans, tax incentives, and direct investments in infrastructure, helping these companies maintain lower prices.
  

• Less Investment in R&D: Chinese manufacturers generally invest less in R&D compared to their Western counterparts. Instead of pushing the boundaries with groundbreaking new features, they focus on producing reliable, functional machines using proven technology. This cuts down on the costs associated with developing cutting-edge innovations.
  
• Technology Imports: Many Chinese manufacturers acquire technology from foreign companies through partnerships or licensing agreements. While this is a cost-saving strategy, it also means that they do not have to spend as much on developing proprietary technologies from scratch.
  

• Less Advanced Features: Chinese excavators may lack some of the advanced electronic systems, operator aids, and high-tech engines that are found in more expensive machines. Features like advanced telematics, ergonomic cabin designs, and premium-grade hydraulic systems are often not included in budget models.
  
• Basic Functionality: While Chinese machines are generally reliable for the tasks they are designed for, they may not offer the same versatility or refinement as top-tier models. For example, the hydraulic systems on Chinese excavators might not be as responsive or precise as those of higher-end machines.
  

• Quality Control Variability: While many Chinese-made excavators are built to last and perform well in standard conditions, some models may experience quality control issues. Parts may not be as rigorously tested as those in premium machines, leading to potential reliability concerns over time.
  
• Shorter Warranty Periods: Chinese excavators generally offer shorter warranties compared to brands like CAT or Komatsu. This can be a factor in reducing the overall cost, but it also means that operators may bear higher maintenance costs if issues arise after the warranty period expires.
  

• Fewer Middlemen: Chinese manufacturers often sell directly to buyers or through a limited network of dealers, eliminating the middlemen involved in distribution. This allows them to reduce the mark-up on each unit and keep prices low.
  
• Less Established Dealer Support: While larger brands have well-established networks of service centers and dealerships worldwide, Chinese brands tend to have fewer service options, particularly in remote areas. This can affect the overall customer experience but contributes to a lower price tag.
  

• Emerging Markets: Countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America often have limited budgets for heavy equipment, which makes Chinese excavators an attractive option. As these markets grow, Chinese companies have adapted to the local needs by offering competitive prices, durable machines, and reliable service options.
  
• Reputation for Value: Many customers in emerging economies prioritize cost savings over premium features, which makes Chinese excavators appealing. These machines often meet the basic requirements of construction and mining jobs at a fraction of the cost of established brands.
  

• Quality vs. Price: A common misconception is that Chinese excavators are of low quality just because they are cheaper. While some models may not match the long-term durability of high-end brands, many Chinese manufacturers have improved their standards and offer machines that are robust enough for certain applications.
  
• Performance: Chinese excavators may not always excel in precision and advanced features, but for general construction or digging tasks, they perform adequately. Their simplicity often makes them easier to maintain and operate.
  

Caterpillar’s Legacy in Soil Compaction
Caterpillar, founded in 1925, has long dominated the earthmoving and compaction equipment market. The CS56 single drum vibratory roller was introduced as part of Caterpillar’s C-series lineup, designed for high-efficiency soil compaction in roadbuilding, site preparation, and infrastructure development. Manufactured between 2008 and 2014, the CS56 combined advanced vibration technology with operator comfort and robust mechanical design. It became a popular choice for contractors working in variable soil conditions, especially where deep compaction and consistent density were critical.
Terminology Notes

• Vibratory Drum: A rotating steel drum equipped with an internal eccentric weight that generates vibration to compact soil.
  
• Amplitude: The vertical movement of the drum during vibration, affecting depth of compaction.
  
• Frequency: The number of vibrations per minute, influencing surface finish and compaction speed.
  
• Centrifugal Force: The outward force generated by the rotating eccentric weight, measured in kilonewtons (kN).
  

• Operating weight: ~11,500 kg
  
• Drum width: 2,130 mm
  
• Engine: Caterpillar C4.4 ACERT, ~131 hp
  
• Vibration frequency: 30–35 Hz
  
• Centrifugal force: up to 266 kN
  
• Maximum travel speed: ~11 km/h
  
• Gradeability: up to 60% with vibration off
  

• Isolated operator station with low vibration transfer
  
• Adjustable suspension seat and ergonomic control layout
  
• Intuitive display panel with engine diagnostics and compaction feedback
  
• Optional compaction meter for real-time soil stiffness monitoring
  
• ROPS/FOPS certified cab for safety in rugged environments
  

• Hydraulic leaks around vibration motor and drum bearings
  
• Engine overheating due to radiator clogging in dusty environments
  
• Drum isolator wear leading to vibration loss or imbalance
  
• Electrical faults in display panel or compaction meter
  
• Fuel system contamination from poor storage practices
  

• Daily: Inspect drum surface, check fluid levels, clean air filters
  
• Weekly: Grease drum bearings and articulation joints, inspect hydraulic lines
  
• Monthly: Replace fuel and hydraulic filters, test vibration amplitude
  
• Annually: Flush cooling system, calibrate compaction sensors, inspect drum isolators
  

• Use OEM fluids and filters to maintain system compatibility
  
• Monitor vibration frequency and amplitude weekly to detect early wear
  
• Store machine indoors or under cover to prevent electrical degradation
  
• Train operators on compaction strategy to avoid overworking the drum
  
• Keep a service log with hour-based intervals and component history
  

The Hitachi ZX50 is part of the ZX series, which includes a wide range of compact excavators designed to deliver exceptional performance, efficiency, and durability for various construction, landscaping, and excavation tasks. The ZX50 model is specifically tailored for those requiring a compact but powerful machine for tight spaces and precise operations. In this article, we will explore the features, specifications, common issues, and tips for maintaining the Hitachi ZX50, providing valuable insights for operators and fleet managers.
Introduction to the Hitachi ZX50 Excavator
The Hitachi ZX50 is a mini-excavator with a reputation for versatility and reliability in small to medium-sized construction projects. Built for efficiency and easy maneuverability in confined spaces, this machine can perform a variety of functions, from digging and trenching to material handling. With its robust construction, advanced hydraulics, and powerful engine, the ZX50 is engineered to handle tasks that require precision while maintaining productivity.
Key Features of the Hitachi ZX50
The Hitachi ZX50 features several design elements and specifications that make it an excellent choice for operators needing a compact, reliable machine:

• Compact Size: With a narrow width and low height, the ZX50 is perfect for working in tight spaces, such as urban construction sites or areas with limited access.
  
• Powerful Engine: Powered by a 50-horsepower engine, this excavator delivers ample strength to handle demanding tasks, despite its compact size.
  
• Advanced Hydraulic System: The ZX50 comes equipped with a high-performance hydraulic system, which ensures fast and responsive movements, improving the operator’s efficiency.
  
• Operator Comfort: The cabin of the ZX50 is designed to offer excellent visibility, comfort, and control. The ergonomic controls and adjustable seating help operators reduce fatigue during long working hours.
  
• Durable Undercarriage: The undercarriage is built to withstand the rigors of tough job sites. The ZX50’s tracks are designed for durability, providing good traction on soft and rough terrains.
  
• Environmental Performance: The engine complies with modern emission standards, helping minimize environmental impact while maintaining power and performance.
  

• Operating Weight: Approximately 5,000 kg (11,023 lbs)
  
• Engine Power: 36.5 kW (50 HP)
  
• Bucket Capacity: 0.18 – 0.21 m³ (depending on the model)
  
• Digging Depth: 3,330 mm (131.3 inches)
  
• Max Reach: 5,550 mm (218.5 inches)
  
• Swing Speed: 8.5 rpm
  
• Hydraulic Flow Rate: 130 l/min (34.4 gal/min)
  

• Low Hydraulic Fluid Levels: Always check and maintain the recommended fluid levels.
  
• Hydraulic Pump Failure: In cases of pump failure, the hydraulic system may become sluggish or stop functioning. Replacing the pump may be necessary.
  
• Clogged Filters: A clogged filter can restrict fluid flow, resulting in poor hydraulic performance. Ensure that hydraulic filters are replaced regularly.
  

• Fuel Problems: Ensure that the fuel system is free from air bubbles or contamination. Replace any damaged fuel lines or filters.
  
• Electrical Issues: A weak or dead battery, corroded terminals, or faulty starter motor can prevent the engine from starting.
  
• Ignition Problems: Inspect the ignition system, including spark plugs, wiring, and fuses, to ensure proper function.
  

• Track Tension: Ensure proper tension to avoid excessive wear on the rollers and sprockets.
  
• Track Pads: If the track pads are worn out, replace them to maintain stability and traction.
  
• Rollers and Idlers: Inspect for cracks, misalignment, or damage. Regular greasing helps maintain their condition.
  

• Fuses and Wiring: Check for blown fuses or faulty wiring connections, especially around the battery and alternator.
  
• Faulty Sensors: The ZX50 is equipped with various sensors for engine and hydraulic functions. A malfunctioning sensor can trigger warning lights or error codes on the dashboard.
  

• Oil Changes: Regularly change the engine and hydraulic oils to prevent engine wear and maintain optimal hydraulic system performance.
  
• Air Filter and Fuel System Maintenance: Clean or replace the air filter at regular intervals to ensure clean air intake and good engine performance. The fuel system should also be checked to prevent clogging and maintain efficient fuel combustion.
  
• Track Maintenance: As mentioned, track maintenance is crucial for long-lasting performance. Regularly check track tension, lubricate the rollers, and inspect the undercarriage for any signs of excessive wear.
  
• Grease Points: Grease the machine’s moving parts, such as the boom, arm, and bucket pivots, to prevent wear and ensure smooth operations.
  

Case Construction and the TV380’s Market Position
Case Construction Equipment, a division of CNH Industrial, has been producing compact track loaders since the early 2000s. The TV380 was introduced as a high-capacity model designed for demanding applications in construction, landscaping, and agriculture. With a rated operating capacity of 3,800 lbs and a 90 hp turbocharged diesel engine, the TV380 was built to compete with machines like the Bobcat T770 and Caterpillar 289D. Its vertical lift design, extended reach, and robust undercarriage made it a popular choice for loading, grading, and material handling.
Despite its strengths, the TV380 has been known to exhibit vibration issues, particularly as components wear or undercarriage alignment deteriorates.
Terminology Notes

• Undercarriage: The track system including rollers, sprockets, idlers, and tracks that supports and propels the machine.
  
• Segment Vibration: A rhythmic shaking caused by uneven contact between track segments and rollers.
  
• Roller Path: The surface area on the track where rollers make contact; wear here can affect ride quality.
  
• Track Link: The steel-reinforced portion of the rubber track that interfaces with the drive system.
  

• Excessive shaking when traveling over hard surfaces
  
• Rhythmic jolts felt through the cab, especially at low speeds
  
• Vibration intensifies on packed dirt or pavement
  
• Audible thumping from the undercarriage
  
• Reduced operator comfort and control precision
  

• Worn track roller paths causing misalignment
  
• Cracked or delaminated rubber in the track body
  
• Flat spots on rollers due to prolonged idle pressure
  
• Loose or damaged roller mounts
  
• Uneven track tension across the undercarriage
  

• Visually inspect the track roller path for wear depth and cracking
  
• Check roller rotation and look for flat spots or seized bearings
  
• Measure track tension and compare left vs. right side
  
• Inspect roller mounts for looseness or missing hardware
  
• Run the machine slowly over a flat surface and observe vibration pattern
  

• Replace tracks when roller path wear exceeds 3/16 inch
  
• Rotate rollers every 500 hours to prevent flat spots
  
• Maintain proper track tension using manufacturer specs
  
• Clean undercarriage weekly to prevent debris buildup
  
• Use vibration-dampening roller mounts in high-impact environments
  

The Hitachi EX60URG is a popular mini-excavator used for various construction, landscaping, and demolition projects. Known for its reliability and strong performance, the EX60URG is equipped with advanced hydraulic systems, a durable undercarriage, and an efficient engine that enables it to tackle a variety of tasks. However, like all heavy machinery, it requires regular maintenance and sometimes custom parts, such as bushings, to ensure smooth operation and to extend its service life.
In this article, we will explore the process of building bushings for the Hitachi EX60URG, a critical component of its mechanical system, and discuss its role in the excavator's performance. We'll also delve into the importance of bushings in heavy machinery, troubleshooting common issues, and tips for custom bushing fabrication.
Understanding the Role of Bushings in Excavators
Bushings are an essential component in any heavy machinery, including excavators like the Hitachi EX60URG. These small, cylindrical parts are used to reduce friction between moving parts and are typically found in joints, linkages, and other areas of the machine where metal parts move relative to each other. Bushings serve a variety of functions, including:

• Reducing Friction: Bushings provide a smooth interface between moving parts, which minimizes friction and wear.
  
• Absorbing Impact: They help absorb shocks and vibrations that occur during the operation of the machine, especially in tasks that involve heavy lifting or excavation.
  
• Preventing Wear: Bushings protect more expensive components of the excavator from wear and tear by serving as a sacrificial element. They are often easier and less costly to replace than the parts they protect.
  

• Excessive Noise: If the excavator begins to make grinding, squeaking, or clunking noises during operation, it could be a sign that the bushings are worn out and are no longer providing adequate lubrication and cushioning.
  
• Loose or Wobbly Joints: When bushings are worn, they may no longer hold the joints tightly, leading to excessive play or wobble in the mechanical components.
  
• Reduced Performance: Worn bushings can cause increased friction and resistance, leading to reduced power output and efficiency in hydraulic systems. Operators may notice slower movements or more effort required to perform basic tasks.
  
• Visible Damage: Inspecting the bushings visually may reveal cracks, grooves, or other signs of wear, indicating that they need to be replaced or rebuilt.
  

• Inner diameter (ID): The diameter of the hole where the bushing will be inserted.
  
• Outer diameter (OD): The diameter of the bushing itself that will fit into the housing.
  
• Length: The length of the bushing, which depends on the application.
  
• Material Compatibility: The material of the bushing should be chosen based on the type of load it will carry, the environment in which it will operate, and its expected service life. Common materials include bronze, steel, and plastic composites.
  

• Bronze: Known for its durability and wear resistance, bronze is often used in high-load applications. It also has good corrosion resistance.
  
• Steel: Steel bushings are often used for high-stress applications where strength is the primary concern.
  
• Polyurethane: This material is increasingly popular for bushings in machinery like excavators, as it is durable, flexible, and able to absorb vibrations.
  
• PTFE (Teflon): Teflon bushings are used for their self-lubricating properties, reducing the need for external lubrication.
  

• Cutting the material: The bushing material is cut to size using a lathe or milling machine.
  
• Drilling the hole: If the bushing needs to fit over a shaft or pin, an inner hole is drilled to the exact dimensions.
  
• Finishing: The bushing may undergo additional machining steps, such as polishing or coating, to ensure it fits perfectly into the housing and has a smooth surface for reducing friction.
  

• Removing the old bushing: This may require disassembling parts of the excavator’s arm or undercarriage, depending on where the bushing is located.
  
• Lubricating the new bushing: Before installing, the new bushing is lubricated to ensure smooth movement and reduce friction during operation.
  
• Reassembly: After the bushing is installed, the excavator is reassembled, and all parts are properly tightened.
  

• Regular Inspections: Check the bushings periodically for signs of wear and tear. Look for unusual noises, vibrations, or play in the joints.
  
• Lubrication: Regularly lubricate the bushings to minimize friction and prevent premature wear. Make sure to use the recommended lubricants for the type of bushing material.
  
• Proper Operation: Avoid overloading the machine and ensure that all hydraulic systems are functioning properly to prevent excessive stress on the bushings.
  
• Quality Parts: When replacing bushings, choose high-quality parts that meet or exceed the manufacturer's specifications.